Microbiology is researched actively, and the field is advancing continually. It is estimated only about one percent of all of the microbe species on Earth have been studied. Although microbes were directly observed over three hundred years ago, the field of microbiology can be said to be in its infancy relative to older biological disciplines such as zoology and botany. This book will be very useful for the students of undergraduate and graduate students of pharmacy, microbiology, botany and quality control department of pharmaceutical industry. This book contains exhaustive note on current approaches related to different microscopic methods, micro-tome, sterilization, pure culture techniques and staining.

Diabetes is a widespread disease and, according to the WHO, in some cases has reached epidemic proportions. It is currently the fourth most common cause of death in the industrialized countries and is rapidly increasing in the developing countries. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islets, leading to efficientza insulin secretion. he highest rates of increase of type 2 diabetes are to be found in the developing countries or their communities, where an increase in the standard of living is associated with the adoption of the Western life-style and socioeconomic modernisation. It is a multifactorial disorder with genetic and environmental components. The primary aim of anti diabetic therapy is to reduce hyperglycemia levels and control glycaemia. As things stand at present, the drugs available on the market are old drugs such as metformin and the sulphonylureas and recently introduced drugs such as the -glucosidase inhibitors and thiazolinediones. As is understandable, the strategies aimed at controlling glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes differ and correspond to the different abnormalities presented by the diabetes.