Diabetes is a widespread disease and, according to the WHO, in some
cases has reached epidemic proportions. It is currently the fourth
most common cause of death in the industrialized countries and is
rapidly increasing in the developing countries. Type 1 diabetes is
caused by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islets,
leading to efficientza insulin secretion. he highest rates of
increase of type 2 diabetes are to be found in the developing
countries or their communities, where an increase in the standard
of living is associated with the adoption of the Western life-style
and socioeconomic modernisation. It is a multifactorial disorder
with genetic and environmental components. The primary aim of anti
diabetic therapy is to reduce hyperglycemia levels and control
glycaemia. As things stand at present, the drugs available on the
market are old drugs such as metformin and the sulphonylureas and
recently introduced drugs such as the -glucosidase inhibitors and
thiazolinediones. As is understandable, the strategies aimed at
controlling glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes differ and
correspond to the different abnormalities presented by the
diabetes.
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