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In recent years, the fabrication of nanomaterials and exploration
of their properties have attracted the attention of various
scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and
engineering. Although nanoparticulate systems are of significant
interest in various scientific and technological areas, there is
little known about the safety of these nanoscale objects. It has
now been established that the surfaces of nanoparticles are
immediately covered by biomolecules (e.g. proteins, ions, and
enzymes) upon their entrance into a biological medium. This
interaction with the biological medium modulates the surface of the
nanoparticles, conferring a "biological identity" to their surfaces
(referred to as a "corona"), which determines the subsequent
cellular/tissue responses. The new interface between the
nanoparticles and the biological medium/proteins, called "bio-nano
interface," has been very rarely studied in detail to date, though
the interest in this topic is rapidly growing. In this book, the
importance of the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles
for the properties of the protein corona is discussed in detail,
followed by comprehensive descriptions of the methods for assessing
the protein-nanoparticle interactions. The advantages and
limitations of available corona evaluation methods (e.g.
spectroscopy methods, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic
resonance, electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and
differential centrifugal sedimentation) are examined in detail,
followed by a discussion of the possibilities for enhancing the
current methods and a call for new techniques. Moreover, the
advantages and disadvantages of protein-nanoparticle interaction
phenomena are explored and discussed, with a focus on the
biological impacts.
This book describes the multiple aspects of (i) preparation of the
magnetic core, (ii) the stabilization with different coatings,
(iii) the physico-chemical characterization and (iv) the
vectorization to obtain specific nanosystems. Several
bio-applications are also presented in this book. In the early days
of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), paramagnetic ions were
proposed as contrast agents to enhance the diagnostic quality of MR
images. Since then, academic and industrial efforts have been
devoted to the development of new and more efficient molecular,
supramolecular and nanoparticular systems. Old concepts and
theories, like paramagnetic relaxation, were revisited and
exploited, leading to new scientific tracks. With their high
relaxivity payload, the superparamagnetic nanoparticles are very
appealing in the context of molecular imaging but challenges are
still numerous: absence of toxicity, specificity, ability to cross
the biological barriers, etc.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis,
Functionalization and Application begins with several chapters
covering the synthesis, stabilization, physico-chemical
characterization and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles.
The second part of the book outlines the various biomedical imaging
applications that currently take advantage of the magnetic
properties of iron oxide nanoparticles. Brief attention is given to
potential iron oxide based therapies, while the final chapter
covers nanocytotoxicity, which is a key concern wherever exposure
to nanomaterials might occur. This comprehensive book is an
essential reference for all those academics and professionals who
require thorough knowledge of recent and future developments in the
role of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine.
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