Zoonotic diseases represent one of the leading causes of illness and death from infectious disease. Defined by the World Health Organization, zoonoses are "those diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediate." Worldwide, zoonotic diseases have a negative impact on commerce, travel, and economies. In most developing countries, zoonotic diseases are among those diseases that contribute significantly to an already overly burdened public health system. In industrialized nations, zoonotic diseases are of particular concern for at-risk groups such as the elderly, children, childbearing women, and immunocompromised individuals. The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health, covers a range of topics, which include: an evaluation of the relative importance of zoonotic diseases against the overall backdrop of emerging infections; research findings related to the current state of our understanding of zoonotic diseases; surveillance and response strategies to detect, prevent, and mitigate the impact of zoonotic diseases on human health; and information about ongoing programs and actions being taken to identify the most important needs in this vital area. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 The Importance of Zoonotic Diseases 3 Factors of Emergence 4 Diagnosis and Control of Zoonotic Infections 5 Surveillance and Management of Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks 6 Summary and Assessment Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Forum Member and Speaker Biographies

Since smallpox eradication, the science of eradication has changed and with it, our definitions of what diseases are possible to eradicate. However, eradication must not beget complacency. As has been learned from past control or eradication attempts with a variety of viral diseases, from yellow fever to influenza, accidental or intentional reintroduction is a real threat-one that could strike anywhere and for which we need to be fully prepared. The criteria for assessing eradicability of polio, measles, and other viral infections have been debated extensively. With the elimination and eradication of several viral diseases on the horizon, issues surrounding the cessation of immunization activities become exceedingly important. In an effort to better understand the dynamics of disease eradication and post-immunization policies, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Emerging Infections hosted a two-day workshop (February 1-2, 2001) on The Consequences of Viral Disease Eradication. This book explores the principles underlying the biological challenges, medical interventions, the continuing research agenda, and operational considerations for post-immunization strategies for vaccine-preventable viral diseases, and highlights important efforts that may facilitate wise decision making. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Summary and Assessment 2 Major Efforts for Disease Eradication 3 Biological Challenges to Post-Eradication 4 Operational and Institutional Challenges to Post-Eradication 5 Medical Intervention and Technological Solutions 6 The Challenges to Post-Eradication Outbreaks Appendix A Glossary and Acronyms APPENDIX B Workshop Agenda The Consequences of Viral Disease Eradication: Addressing Post-Immunization Challenges APPENDIX C Forum Member and Speaker Biographies

Globalization is by no means a new phenomenon; transcontinental trade and the movement of people date back at least 2,000 years, to the era of the ancient Silk Road trade route. The global spread of infectious disease has followed a parallel course. Indeed, the emergence and spread of infectious disease are, in a sense, the epitome of globalization. Although some experts mark the fall of the Berlin Wall as the beginning of this new era of globalization, others argue that it is not so new. The future of globalization is still in the making. Despite the successful attempts of the developed world during the course of the last century to control many infectious diseases and even to eradicate some deadly afflictions, 13 million people worldwide still die from such diseases every year. On April 16 and 17, 2002, the Forum on Emerging Infections held a working group discussion on the influence of globalization on the emergence and control of infectious diseases. The contents of the unattributed sections are based on the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control report summarizes the presentations and discussions related to the increasing cross-border and cross-continental movements of people and how this could exacerbate the emergence and global spread of infectious diseases. This report also summarizes the means by which sovereign states and nations must adopt a global public health mind-set and develop a new organizational framework to maximize the opportunities and overcome the challenges created by globalization and build the necessary capacity to respond effectively to emerging infectious disease threats. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary and Assessment 1 A World in Motion: The Global Movement of People, Products, Pathogens, and Power 2 Examining the Consequences: A Changing Landscape 3 The Global Application of Knowledge, Tools, and Technology: Opportunities and Obstacles 4 Creating a Framework for Progress Appendix A Agenda Appendix B International Law, Infectious Diseases, and Globalization Appendix C Changing Vector Ecologies: Political Geographic Perspectives Appendix D Social Aspects of Public Health Challenges in Period of Globalization: The Case of Russia