Offering a valuable resource for medical and other historians, this book explores the processes by which pharmacy in Britain and its colonies separated from medicine and made the transition from trade to profession during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. When the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was founded in 1841, its founders considered pharmacy to be a branch of medicine. However, the 1852 Pharmacy Act made the exclusion of pharmacists from the medical profession inevitable, and in 1864 the General Medical Council decided that pharmacy legislation was best left to pharmacists themselves. Yet across the Empire, pharmacy struggled to establish itself as an autonomous profession, with doctors in many colonies reluctant to surrender control over pharmacy. In this book the author traces the professionalization of pharmacy by exploring issues including collective action by pharmacists, the role of the state, the passage of legislation, the extension of education, and its separation from medicine. The author considers the extent to which the British model of pharmacy shaped pharmacy in the Empire, exploring the situation in the Divisions of Empire where the 1914 British Pharmacopoeia applied: Canada, the West Indies, the Mediterranean colonies, the colonies in West and South Africa, India and the Eastern colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and the Western Pacific Islands. This insightful and wide-ranging book offers a unique history of British pharmaceutical policy and practice within the colonial world, and provides a firm foundation for further studies in this under-researched aspect of the history of medicine.

Immigration is a comprehensive and practical guide to the history, economics, and contributions of immigrants, written by a former key policymaker who is now a leading researcher in the field. Immigration is a comprehensive examination of U.S. immigration policies and their impact on the nation, combining a historical overview and a guide to how immigration works in practice. In this one-volume compendium on the history, politics, culture, and contributions of immigrants to the United States, the author uses his experience in key immigration policy posts to provide an insider's perspective on a broad array of immigration-related issues. Offering a detached, unbiased analysis of the economic, fiscal, and other impacts of current immigration policies, he recommends reforms and policy solutions for the thorniest immigration issues, such as illegal immigration. But the book does not ignore the fact that immigration has always enriched and strengthened our nation. Along with policy considerations, it also encompasses enlightening profiles detailing the many contributions of individual immigrants in such diverse areas as science, sports, the military, and business.

Classes of socio-technical hazards allow a characterization of the risk in technology innovation and clarify the mechanisms underpinning emergent technological risk. Emerging Technological Risk provides an interdisciplinary account of risk in socio-technical systems including hazards which highlight: * How technological risk crosses organizational boundaries, * How technological trajectories and evolution develop from resolving tensions emerging between social aspects of organisations and technologies and * How social behaviour shapes, and is shaped by, technology. Addressing an audience from a range of academic and professional backgrounds, Emerging Technological Risk is a key source for those who wish to benefit from a detail and methodical exposure to multiple perspectives on technological risk. By providing a synthesis of recent work on risk that captures the complex mechanisms that characterize the emergence of risk in technology innovation, Emerging Technological Risk bridges contributions from many disciplines in order to sustain a fruitful debate. Emerging Technological Risk is one of a series of books developed by the Dependability Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

Research into the delivery and organisation of health care is a vital component in the improvement of health services. A wide range of disciplines and methods needs to be deployed to address research questions in this field. This unique Reader brings together thirty examples of high-quality SDO research using a range of disciplines, including organisational studies, epidemiology, sociology, history, health economics, anthropology and policy studies, illustrating the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches and primary and secondary research. Expert editorial commentary highlights different themes and methodological issues. Studying the Delivery and Organisation of Health Services: A Reader covers six main areas of research: ullet Patient and carer centred services: Organising services around the user ullet Patient and carer centred services: User involvement in organising services ullet Workforce issues ullet Evaluating models of service delivery ullet Quality management and the management of change ullet Studying health care organisations. topics covered, the research methods used and their overall significance. This Reader is a companion volume to Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services: Research Methods edited by Naomi Fulop, Pauline Allen, Aileen Clarke and Nick Black also published by Routledge (2001). It makes top-quality, empirical and secondary research readily accessible to health service managers and health care professionals who are interested in research, to health service researchers and to undergraduate and postgraduate students following courses in health and health management studies.

Research into the delivery and organisation of health care is a vital component in the improvement of health services. A wide range of disciplines and methods needs to be deployed to address research questions in this field. This unique Reader brings together thirty examples of high-quality SDO research using a range of disciplines, including organisational studies, epidemiology, sociology, history, health economics, anthropology and policy studies, illustrating the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches and primary and secondary research. Expert editorial commentary highlights different themes and methodological issues. Studying the Delivery and Organisation of Health Services: A Reader covers six main areas of research: ullet Patient and carer centred services: Organising services around the user ullet Patient and carer centred services: User involvement in organising services ullet Workforce issues ullet Evaluating models of service delivery ullet Quality management and the management of change ullet Studying health care organisations. topics covered, the research methods used and their overall significance. This Reader is a companion volume to Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services: Research Methods edited by Naomi Fulop, Pauline Allen, Aileen Clarke and Nick Black also published by Routledge (2001). It makes top-quality, empirical and secondary research readily accessible to health service managers and health care professionals who are interested in research, to health service researchers and to undergraduate and postgraduate students following courses in health and health management studies.

There is increasing recognition that advances in medicine are only part of the answer to better health care. These advances, together with rising expectations of health care users, mean that demands on the way we organise and deliver services will become greater. It is therefore essential that we advance our understanding and knowledge of how best to organise and deliver health services. This book, written by experienced teachers and researchers, introduces research methods from a wide range of social science disciplines and applies them to health service research.
Each chapter takes a different research method or approach and provides: theoretical background; a description of the method; advice on how to use it; relevant examples; a discussion of the limitations of the method; a list of further reading.
Research methods covered include: epidemiology; organisational psychology; action research; political science/policy analysis; organisational economics; historical methods and operational research. This book also looks at the issues in synthesising evidence from qualitative research and non-experimental quantitative studies.
This is an invaluable reader for researchers, students and research funders and provides an appropriate text for the growing number of courses in the multidisciplinary field of health services research.

There is increasing recognition that advances in medicine are only part of the answer to better health care. These advances, together with rising expectations of health care users, mean that demands on the way we organise and deliver services will become greater. It is therefore essential that we advance our understanding and knowledge of how best to organise and deliver health services. This book, written by experienced teachers and researchers, introduces research methods from a wide range of social science disciplines and applies them to health service research.
Each chapter takes a different research method or approach and provides: theoretical background; a description of the method; advice on how to use it; relevant examples; a discussion of the limitations of the method; a list of further reading.
Research methods covered include: epidemiology; organisational psychology; action research; political science/policy analysis; organisational economics; historical methods and operational research. This book also looks at the issues in synthesising evidence from qualitative research and non-experimental quantitative studies.
This is an invaluable reader for researchers, students and research funders and provides an appropriate text for the growing number of courses in the multidisciplinary field of health services research.

Making is good for you. Exploring crafts can be relaxing and therapeutic : the projects in this book are accessible to anyone who is inspired to recycle old clothes and textiles into unique, decorative, useful projects. Our forbears improvised tools to recycle their worn clothes - mostly dark suiting or mill waste if they lived near a mill. Usually they made mats for their cold floors or as draft excluders across doors. Nowadays you can choose from so many more colours and textures - painting with rags! Try one project or more. You will be able to use the techniques to design and make your own one-off items for your home or as hand-made gifts. The techniques here are traditional and simple - you will be surprised at how drab fabrics become transformed. Simple designs work best and you can even improvise as you work. If a fabric runs out, then use another - I call that organic design! Hooking is the best technique for pictorial detail and different techniques could be combined for original wall art. Historically, rugs were made by several people sitting round a horizontal frame with the children cutting the pieces of rag which were prodded into the hessian (burlap) backing to make a shaggy mat. There is a prodded project (for purists) but you can also achieve the same effect without a frame by progging, which can be done on table or thigh (carefully). Warning - this craft can be addictive!

Classes of socio-technical hazards allow a characterization of the risk in technology innovation and clarify the mechanisms underpinning emergent technological risk. "Emerging Technological Risk" provides an interdisciplinary account of risk in socio-technical systems including hazards which highlight:

. How technological risk crosses organizational boundaries,

. How technological trajectories and evolution develop from resolving tensions emerging between social aspects of organisations and technologies and

. How social behaviour shapes, and is shaped by, technology.

Addressing an audience from a range of academic and professional backgrounds, " Emerging Technological Risk" is a key source for those who wish to benefit from a detail and methodical exposure to multiple perspectives on technological risk. By providing a synthesis of recent work on risk that captures the complex mechanisms that characterize the emergence of risk in technology innovation, "Emerging Technological Risk" bridges contributions from many disciplines in order to sustain a fruitful debate.

"Emerging Technological Risk" is one of a series of books developed by the Dependability Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

"

Making Medicines is a concise, chronological discussion of the history of therapeutics and pharmacy from the Egyptians through to the present day. It focuses on the discovery and uses of medicines to treat illness through the ages, and the evolving role of the pharmacist. Each chapter is contributed by an expert in the period or field, and illustrates how wider social, political and economic developments have influenced drug development and shaped pharmacy practice. The book has two colour-plate sections illustrating how pharmacy has developed over the centuries. Numerous photographs are also included in the text. Written by an expert in the field, this book will appeal to pharmacists and pharmacy students, as well as to other healthcare practitioners and medical historians.

-Gives a new perspective on the politics of drug supply

-Will interest those involved with the management of medicines at any level

-Indispensable for students of public health

Edinburgh, the Scottish capital, hosted SAFECOMP 2003. Since its establishment, SAFECOMP, the series of conferences on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, has contributed to the progress of the state of the art in dependable applications of computer systems. SAFECOMP provides ample opportunity to exchange insights and experiences in emerging methods across the borders of different disciplines. SAFECOMP year after year registers new multidisciplinary trends on dependability of computer-based systems. The cross-fertilization between different scientific communities and industry supports the achievement of long-term results contributing to the integration of multidisciplinary experiences in order to improve the design and deployment of dependable computer-based systems. Over the years the participation of industry in SAFECOMP has grown steadily. This emphasizes the importance of technology transfer between academia and industry. SAFECOMP 2003 further sustains the healthy interchange of research results and practical experiences. The SAFECOMP 2003 program consisted of 30 papers selected from 96 submissions from all over the world. SAFECOMP 2003 acknowledges the invited keynote talks enhancing the technical and scientific merit of the conference.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, SAFECOMP 2002, held in Catania, Italy in September 2002.The 27 revised papers presented together with 3 keynote presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on human-computer system dependability, human factors, security, dependability assessment, application of formal methods, reliability assessment, design for dependability, and safety assessment.

Offering a valuable resource for medical and other historians, this book explores the processes by which pharmacy in Britain and its colonies separated from medicine and made the transition from trade to profession during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. When the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was founded in 1841, its founders considered pharmacy to be a branch of medicine. However, the 1852 Pharmacy Act made the exclusion of pharmacists from the medical profession inevitable, and in 1864 the General Medical Council decided that pharmacy legislation was best left to pharmacists themselves. Yet across the Empire, pharmacy struggled to establish itself as an autonomous profession, with doctors in many colonies reluctant to surrender control over pharmacy. In this book the author traces the professionalization of pharmacy by exploring issues including collective action by pharmacists, the role of the state, the passage of legislation, the extension of education, and its separation from medicine. The author considers the extent to which the British model of pharmacy shaped pharmacy in the Empire, exploring the situation in the Divisions of Empire where the 1914 British Pharmacopoeia applied: Canada, the West Indies, the Mediterranean colonies, the colonies in West and South Africa, India and the Eastern colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and the Western Pacific Islands. This insightful and wide-ranging book offers a unique history of British pharmaceutical policy and practice within the colonial world, and provides a firm foundation for further studies in this under-researched aspect of the history of medicine.

Here Stuart Anderson offers a completely fresh interpretation of the manner in which the concepts found in the 1925 property legislation were formed by debates about law reform beginning in the 1840s. Examining the texts of the statutes with a historian's eye, he explains how the statutes were enacted, by whom, and for what reasons. The result is both a work of legal history and a commentary on modern English land law.

"Bobbits were generally not large but Filbo Daggins was larger and stranger than most and people in the Shire often said so.
"I say, that Filbo is large," said one.
"Yes, that Filbo is larger and stranger than most," said another.
That evening Filbo would be celebrating his eleventy-first birthday. On their birthday, it was customary among the Bobbits to give gifts to other people. There was much grumbling in the Shire that Filbo usually gave presents such as gift certificates to stores nobody could find. . . . "
In "The Lord of the Ring Dings," Sam and Dodo must overcome the evil Lord Sorehead, the nasty Sorry-Man, and a host of product placements to reach Door-Door and destroy the Ring Ding of Power. It's like "The Lord of the Rings" movies except the budget is much lower. Oregon courts Liv Tyler and Gimpley the dwarf woos the ladies of Middling-earth (both of them). The Elvis lend a hand, providing the travelers with the traditional Elvis food of meatloaf and fried peanut butter and banana sandwiches. Gandolf is around as well, but his spells generally don't work well and he forgets things a lot. And, of course, there's Jollum, the weird creature who will stop at nothing to get his hands on the precious Ring Ding.

ADVANCE PRAISE for "The Lord of the Ring Dings"
"This book really nails it. It tells what really happened." - "Aragorn, King of Gondor"
"I thought my part could have been bigger." - "Arwen, Queen of Gondor"
"Although I am a wizard I never would have predicted such a fine book. Wait, that sounds cheesy. No, don't write that down." - "Gandalf, a wizard"
"I thought the portrayal of my great, great grand uncle was unfair. For example, he didn't like fish that much." - "Johann Smeagol III, Gollum's great, great grand nephew"
"I really wish there were more women in the story, or anywhere." - "Gimli, son of Gloin"
"I think I was much cooler in the movie, but in the book I was still pretty cool." - "Legolas"
"We no portrayed fair. Me no like." - "Gorkran, an Orc"

A landmark series, The Oxford History of the Laws of England is the first full-length history of the English law that takes unpublished sources into account. The thirteen volumes provide not merely a history of law, but also a history of the impact of law on English society. Given its unprecedented scope and coverage, this series will be an indispensable resource for law and history libraries.

Histories of the Second World War have paid scant attention to either conscientious objectors or the North-East of England. This book fills a gap in the historiography by looking beyond the region’s industrial significance during this period and exploring social, moral and religious attitudes to the war – both on the part of objectors, and those who dealt with them. As a regional case study, it also sheds light on wider structures and attitudes relating to conscientious objection in Britain during the war, providing an in-depth understanding of the profile of objectors, the working of a tribunal, and the response of the authorities, public and media to conscientious objection. The book explores the difficulties experienced by objectors in the Armed Forces and those who worked on the land, and also considers women who objected to compulsion extended to them for the first time. For many objectors the cells of Durham Prison or Northallerton Detention Centre were to be their temporary home, and the conditions there are examined. The Second World War became a moment of transition in the treatment of conscientious objectors, between the excesses of the First World War and its current recognition as a basic human right. This was a transition in which objectors in the North-East of England played a significant role, both in their local and in the national context.

Stuart Anderson had led a fascinating life for the past 90 years. He built Black Angus, America's #1 restaurant chain of the 1980s and ranched on a 26,000 acre spread where he raised cattle. His circle of friends has included Hollywood stars and corporate bigwigs. You'll discover his persona history is a lot like the man - larger than life In addition, reader benefits: * Discover the ins and outs of profitable restaurant management as imparted by a master entrepreneur * Delight in "bone head" mistakes Anderson made early in his career like the case of the "melted chocolate" or "bitter pills for bulls." * Get a backstage look at celebrity friendships and news-making events. * Try some Black Angus favorite recipes and get some diabetic tips Won't you too join in the adventures of this "Corporate Cowboy's" successes and failures which are by turns sobering, insightful, laugh-out-loud funny and full of folksy wisdom.

Darwin Litton's ex-squeeze is brutally and mysteriously murdered in Ireland. As an experienced fantasist and self-appointed pack leader, Darwin assembles an unwitting team of intrepid investigators to set sail for the distant shores of Wales to follow up on the only lead they have. Wales is not quite as leek as they had hoped, and a world of serious crime, kidnaps, multiple murders, and international hit men draws them in. Their investigations take them to an underworld of Witness Protection, Special Forces and Government cover-ups. "This fast-paced story cleverly combines page-turning drama and the sharpest of humour as it darts skilfully through the twists and turns of a classic thriller." This is the first in a series of novels by Stuart Anderson featuring the investigative adventures of Darwin Litton.