Unit Operations in Food Grains Processing covers theory, principles and best practices in cleaning, grading, drying, storage, milling, handling and their transport. The book overviews grain types, grain structure, composition, and engineering properties. It then moves into aspects of processing and reviews best practices in processing rice and wheat, pulses, oilseeds and millets. The book discusses value addition methods and products of grains, waste and by-product utilization, and biofuel production from grains. These discussions outline equipment and machinery needed, different methods of operations for different grains, and advances in grain processing as well as grain waste and by-product utilization. Chapters includes numerical problems, principles, design, illustrations and common questions to aid in understanding.

Subsurface Hydrogen Energy Storage: Current status, Prospects, and Challenges presents a comprehensive explanation of the technical challenges and solutions associated with subsurface hydrogen energy storage, including system design, safety measures, and operational efficiency. Supported by real-world case studies, the book analyses the economic and environmental benefits and drawbacks of subsurface hydrogen energy storage, including a comparative analysis of different forms of energy storage. The book brings together the latest research and knowledge on subsurface hydrogen energy storage, including the geological and hydrogeological aspects of hydrogen storage, hydrogen production, storage technologies, and safety and regulatory issues. It discusses the potential applications of subsurface hydrogen storage in various sectors, such as power generation, transportation, and industry. The book also features case studies and current applications, as well as a detailed examination of the technical challenges and solutions associated with subsurface hydrogen energy storage. Addressing all the scientific and technical challenges that must be overcome for subsurface hydrogen storage to be deployed at scale, Subsurface Hydrogen Energy Storage: Current status, Prospects, and Challenges is an invaluable reference for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals involved in hydrogen and energy storage, the hydrogen economy, and reservoir engineering.

Metals in Water: Global Sources, Significance, and Treatment covers metal pollution in water, where they come from, their effects, and remediation processes. Sections overview heavy metals pollution, including their global health impacts and remediation measures. Geogenic and anthropogenic input of heavy metals in water are described, along with global case studies, step-by-step methods on remediation techniques, different detection sensors, and assessment practices of toxicity of heavy metals. The book focuses on recent research surrounding heavy metals' contamination in water resources and its impact across the globe. Chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and serve as baseline information for water resources studies. This book is useful for postgraduate students, teachers and researchers working in areas of water resources and pollution, hydrochemistry, environmental remediation and toxicology who are looking to understand the affects metals have on water, the environment and health, and also those looking for methods for remediation.

Sustainable production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass, fuels that are fully compatible with existing internal combustion engines, will allow the global transport economy to transition to a sustainable energy source without the need for capital-intensive new infrastructures. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels presents a comprehensive and easy to understand consolidation of existing knowledge for the production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass. Three major areas for the conversion of biomass to hydrocarbon biofuels are addressed: i) Chemical and thermochemical conversion processes, ii) Biological and biochemical conversion processes, and iii) Conversion processes of biomass-derived compounds. Additionally, the book includes process design, life cycle analysis of various processes, reaction engineering, catalysts, process conditions and process concepts, and is supported with detailed case studies. The economic viability of each process is specifically addressed to provide a clear guide for the economic development of future hydrocarbon biofuels. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels offers an all-in-one resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals working in the area of bioenergy and will be of interest to energy engineers, chemical engineers, bioengineers, chemists, agricultural researchers, and mechanical engineers. Furthermore, this book provides structured foundational content on biorefineries for undergraduate and graduate students.

Strategic Perspectives in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management explores conventional and advanced biotechnologies for waste management, including socio-economic aspects, techno-economic feasibility, models and modeling tools, and a detailed life-cycle assessment approach in solid waste (SW) and wastewater (WW). These innovative technologies are highly applicable to current real-world situations. The enormous increase in the quantum and diversity of SW and WW - including waste materials generated due to human activity and their potentially harmful effects on the environment and public health - have led to increasing awareness about an urgent need to adopt novel technologies for appropriate management of both SW and WW. While there is an obvious need to minimize the generation of wastes and to reuse and recycle them, the technologies for managing such wastes can play a vital role in mitigating problems. Besides recovery of substantial energy, these technologies can lead to a considerable reduction in the overall waste quantities requiring final disposal, which can be better managed for safe disposal in a controlled manner while meeting pollution control standards.

Higher education has changed significantly over time. In particular, traditional face-to-face degrees are being revamped in a bid to ensure they stay relevant in the 21st century and are now offered online. The transition for many universities to online learning has been painful-only exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, forcing many in-person students to join their virtual peers and professors to learn new technologies and techniques to educate. Moreover, work has also changed with little doubt as to the impact of digital communication, remote work, and societal change on the nature of work itself. There are arguments to be made for organizations to become more agile, flexible, entrepreneurial, and creative. As such, work and education are both traversing a path of immense changes, adapting to global trends and consumer preferences. The Handbook of Research on Future of Work and Education: Implications for Curriculum Delivery and Work Design is a comprehensive reference book that analyzes the realities of higher education today, strategies that ensure the success of academic institutions, and factors that lead to student success. In particular, the book addresses essentials of online learning, strategies to ensure the success of online degrees and courses, effective course development practices, key support mechanisms for students, and ensuring student success in online degree programs. Furthermore, the book addresses the future of work, preferences of employees, and how work can be re-designed to create further employee satisfaction, engagement, and increase productivity. In particular, the book covers insights that ensure that remote employees feel valued, included, and are being provided relevant support to thrive in their roles. Covering topics such as course development, motivating online learners, and virtual environments, this text is essential for academicians, faculty, researchers, and students globally.

5G is the upcoming generation of the wireless network that will be the advanced version of 4G LTE+ providing all the features of a 4G LTE network and connectivity for IoT devices with faster speed and lower latency. The 5G network is going to be a service-oriented network, connecting billions of IoT devices and mobile phones through the wireless network, and hence, it needs a special emphasis on security. Security is the necessary enabler for the continuity of the wireless network business, and in 5G, network security for IoT devices is the most important aspect. As IoT is gaining momentum, people can remotely operate or instruct their network devices. Therefore, there is a need for robust security mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access to the devices. >Evolution of Software-Defined Networking Foundations for IoT and 5G Mobile Networks is a collection of innovative research on the security challenges and prevention mechanisms in high-speed mobile networks. The book explores the threats to 5G and IoT and how to implement effective security architecture for them. While highlighting topics including artificial intelligence, mobile technology, and ubiquitous computing, this book is ideally designed for cybersecurity experts, network providers, computer scientists, communication technologies experts, academicians, students, and researchers.

In recent years many new international market leaders from the BRICS countries have emerged in diverse manufacturing and service industries. How did these new leaders emerge and become key players in their respective industries? What factors contributed to their success and enabled them to become market leaders? This new study answers these important questions with evidence presented from case studies in the automotive, pharmaceutical and ICT industries of China, India and Brazil. A common framework of analysis is followed throughout the volume allowing readers to compare and contrast the cases examined. This framework brings together factors at the firm, country and sectoral levels to explain the rise to leadership of these firms. The book highlights the importance of vibrant entrepreneurship and demonstrates that being local and having an ability to learn and build capabilities based on local knowledge have been major drivers of market success. Yet it also shows how such firm-level factors have been complemented by the role of both national and sectoral systems of innovation. This book offers an integrated framework for the study of innovation and the rise of market leaders as well as original case studies from important emerging economies. It will appeal to students, scholars, researchers and policy-makers interested in economic development and catch-up, entrepreneurship, innovation management and evolutionary economics. Contributors include: P. Adams, W. Bai, L.R. Cavalcante, X. Chen, R.A. Filgueiras de Sousa, B. Guo, S. Hong, Q. Li, A. Madhavan, F. Malerba, S. Mani, B.C.P. Oliveira de Araujo

Material-Microbes Interactions: Environmental Biotechnological Perspective brings great insights into microbes-material interactions, biofilm formation, and emerging bioprocess within the field of applied biotechnology. The book systematically summarizes the fundamental principles, the state-of-the-art in microbes-material interaction, and its application in bioprocess and environmental technology development. Understanding the fundamental processes of biofilm formation, the role of material to exchange the energy with microbes, biofilm matrix, and optimization of the biofilm formation process is useful to everyone involved with bioprocess development. This book will be of significant interest to environmental technology developers, researchers, university professors, policymakers, graduate and postgraduate students and other stakeholders. Interestingly, academic institutions, wastewater treatment plants, and research centers have upscaled biofilm-based environmental technologies, such as moving bed bioreactors, microalgae, tricking bed reactors, biofilters, and bioelectrochemical process as promising environmental technologies.

Global E-waste Management Strategies and Future Implications provides in-depth information about the global E-waste problem and the potential opportunities. Part 1 of this book starts with the introduction to the E-waste, sources, critical composition, and associated challenges & opportunities. Part 2 of this book further elaborates detailed overview of the current trends in E-waste management and existing treatment options (hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, bioleaching and biohydrometallurgy) and its implications. The book also discloses the critical implications of the secondary pollutants on the environment and human health with special emphasis on the informal recycling practices in the developing nations. Part 3 deals with the existing regulations in developed and developing countries which are illustrated using case studies for effective understanding and to bridge the gaps between the developed and developing nations. Part 4 of this book includes scientific and technical information to get a better vision and understanding of the most advanced and innovative methods for E-waste management such as life cycle assessment (LCA), tax credit, extended producer responsibility (EPR), extended consumer responsibility (ECR) which is explained systematically with case studies. Part 5 of this book covers the best E-waste management practises, such as reduce, recycle, recover and reuse (4R) principles, circular resource management, value out of waste (VoW), solutions for smart cities, green product design etc., which is explained using the ideal case studies. Part 6 summarizes the transition towards sustainability.

There has been a tremendous increase in the production of livestock products and this is expected to continue in the coming future. This is especially in developing countries. The greatest increase is in the production of poultry and pigs, as well as eggs and milk. Livestock production can make good use of resources, some of which may otherwise not be used, and contributes high quality protein and important micronutrients to the human diet.

Successful development of effective computational systems is a challenge for IT developers across sectors due to uncertainty issues that are inherently present within computational problems. Soft computing proposes one such solution to the problem of uncertainty through the application of generalized set structures including fuzzy sets, rough sets, and multisets. The Handbook of Research on Generalized and Hybrid Set Structures and Applications for Soft Computing presents double blind peer-reviewed and original research on soft computing applications for solving problems of uncertainty within the computing environment. Emphasizing essential concepts on generalized and hybrid set structures that can be applied across industries for complex problem solving, this timely resource is essential to engineers across disciplines, researchers, computer scientists, and graduate-level students.

Industrial Catalytic Processes for Fine and Specialty Chemicals provides a comprehensive methodology and state-of-the art toolbox for industrial catalysis. The book begins by introducing the reader to the interesting, challenging, and important field of catalysis and catalytic processes. The fundamentals of catalysis and catalytic processes are fully covered before delving into the important industrial applications of catalysis and catalytic processes, with an emphasis on green and sustainable technologies. Several case studies illustrate new and sustainable ways of designing catalysts and catalytic processes. The intended audience of the book includes researchers in academia and industry, as well as chemical engineers, process development chemists, and technologists working in chemical industries and industrial research laboratories.

South and Southeast Asia continue to be extremely critical regions, deeply intertwined and bound in many ways by centuries of intersecting histories. As the recent experiences of rapid and transformative political and economic changes in several countries in these two regions illustrate, these changes have significant bearing on and are simultaneously affected by the legacy and continued dynamic of dominant-minority group relations. To be sure, while the dynamics of dominant-minority relations in each country are distinct and often mitigated by distinct historical conditions, the phenomenon of these dominant-minority relations, especially along ethnic and religious fault lines, are deeply consequential to many of the nations in these regions. This book, featuring eight case studies, provides a multidisciplinary and multi-layered assessment of the salience of the ethnic and religious realities in shaping various South and Southeast Asian nations. Featuring chapters on Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, this volume provides a deep appreciation of the challenges that these societies confront in integrating and/or responding to specific ethnic and/or religious based conflicts and tensions.

Agroforestry is an age old practice throughout the world, but its recognition as a science is nearly three decades old. The scientific and systematic research on tree-crop interactions, in India, started in late 1970's and got major support and impetus with the establishment of All India Coordinated Research Project AICRP on Agroforestry in 1983 by ICAR. Today AICRP on Agroforestry has its network through out the country. Under AICRP and through the individual efforts of State Agricultural Universities, location specific agroforestry systems has been recommended to suit agro-climatic zones, landholdings and economic status of the region. Though extensive research had been done till date, but it is not available to scientific world, farming communities who are the backbone of Indian rural development, students and inquisitive readers in one manuscript. This prompted the authors to club the information on agroforestry systems and practices prevailing in India in form of book. For the sake of convenience, agroforestry systems prevailing in India have been divided into four broad sections i Agroforestry in India ii Agroforestry system and practices in North, West and Central India iii Agroforestry systems and practices in East, North-East and Southern India iv Allied topics related to Agroforestry. Section one cover topics covering agroforestry experiences, research and extension efforts done in the last 25 years in India. Section two includes 13 s and section three covers 14 s wherein agroforestry research vis-O-vis agroclimatic zones of different states of India have been discussed. The last section comprising of 8 s includes topics related to role of agroforestry in soil conservation, women development; management of agroforestry; modeling; rehabilitation of mine spoils and breeding of agroforestry tree species.

Smart grids with distributed clean energy generation, storage and prosumers are the future of energy systems. They need two-way digital communication between multiple customers and suppliers of energy, to produce, buy and sell electricity to the grid at small scales. These arrangements need a system that maintains, checks, and registers information about transactions. Blockchain technology is able to handle these requirements with smart contracts, peer-to-peer energy trading and immutable transactions. A blockchain is a digital ledger of transactions that can be accessed across the entire network of computer systems. Combined with sensors to track energy flows, blockchain can enable the smart grid. After an introduction to blockchain, chapters cover integration with IoT, IoT- and blockchain-enabled smart grids, use of sensors, security and privacy, use of machine and deep learning, energy storage and transaction, as well as use of cryptocurrencies for transactions. Written by an international team with the necessary multi-disciplinarity, this work for researchers in power systems as well as economists with related interests covers the use of blockchain technology for smart grids.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted lives and livelihoods all over the world by its myriad of twists and turns. The causative SARS coronavirus 2 continues to defy the imagination by its rapid evolution from the Alpha to Delta to Omicron variants. This book by an international and multi-disciplinary team of virologists, infectious diseases and public health physicians aims to uncover the scientific basis underpinning the virus characteristics, as well as the clinical and public health management of COVID-19. The ten chapters address and discuss a broad range of key topics including viral evolution, clinical management, diagnostic methodologies, aerosol transmission, public health containment measures, vaccination, pathophysiology, and omics analyses. More generally, the book can serve as a useful reference guide on many future scientific issues and questions that will continue to arise as humanity learns to confront and co-exist with COVID-19.