Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes showcases the latest advances in solar cell technology while offering valuable insight into the future of solar energy conversion and storage. Focusing on photochemical methods of converting and/or storing light energy in the form of electrical or chemical energy, the book: Describes various types of solar cells, including photovoltaic cells, photogalvanic cells, photoelectrochemical cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells Covers the photogeneration of hydrogen, photoreduction of carbon dioxide, and artificial/mimicking photosynthesis Discusses the generation of electricity from solar cells, as well as methods for storing solar energy in the form of chemical energy Highlights existing photochemical methods of solar energy conversion and storage Explores emerging trends such as the use of nanoparticles Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for graduate students, researchers, and engineers alike.

This book, Chemistry and Industrial Techniques for Chemical Engineers, brings together innovative research, new concepts, and novel developments in the application of new tools for chemical and materials engineers. It contains significant research, reporting new methodologies, and important applications in the fields of chemical engineering as well as the latest coverage of chemical databases and the development of new methods and efficient approaches for chemists. With clear explanations, real-world examples, this volume emphasizes the concepts essential to the practice of chemical science, engineering, and technology while introducing the newest innovations in the field.

Nanoparticles have a smaller size as compared to their micro, macro or bulk counterparts. Reduction in size of these particles provides them with some unique characteristics, such as surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effect, surface plasmon response, widening of band gap, etc. These nanoparticles have attracted attention of scientists all over the globe in last few decades. Nanomaterials are a requirement of the day as their use is pushing a number of bulk materials out of use. These have numerous applications in varied fields like solar cells, food industries, targeted gene and drug delivery, medical imaging, polymeric materials, sensors, treatment of water, soil and air pollution, etc. Written in a convenient and easy-to-read style, this book covers the important aspects of nanomaterials by focusing on the many issues related to food and textile industries, treatment of polluted water, health, energy crises, targeted drug delivery, etc. The editors take an interdisciplinary approach to discussing how the scenario will change on a global level in the future and explore when these nanomaterials will replace almost all micro- and macromaterials. The Science of Nanomaterials is a ready-at-hand guide to the many issues related to the use of nanomaterials in drug and gene delivery, sensors, photosplitting of water, wastewater treatment, microbial diagnosis, textile industries, nanocomposites, food industries (safety, security, packaging and preservation), etc. that will be valuable to students at all levels as well as a refresher for scientists, researchers, policymakers, and others.

Green Chemistry and Biodiversity: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations reports on new approaches to designing chemicals and chemical transformations that are beneficial for human health and the environment, a continuing emerging important field of study. This volume provides a collection of innovative research on the development of alternative sustainable technologies, taking a broad view of the subject and integrating a wide variety of approaches. With a focus on the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and biodiversity, this volume will be a rich resource for scientists and researchers in many subfields of chemistry and chemical engineering.

Traditionally heat and light are thought as energy sources to drive a particular chemical reaction, but now ultrasound is a promising energy source for this purpose. The collapse of a bubble generates a wide range of high temperatures and pressures, and therefore, use of ultrasound has a considerable potential in chemical and allied sciences. Ultrasound-assisted reactions are green and economically viable alternatives to conventional techniques. This new volume presents a complete picture of ultrasound-assisted reactions and technologies that can be used in organic synthesis, polymer synthesis and degradation, nanomaterials, wastewater treatment, food ingredients and products, pharmaceutical applications, bioenergy applications, and more. This volume aims to shed light on the diversified applications of ultrasound and its significant role as a green chemical pathway. Sonochemistry deals with the effect of ultrasonic waves on chemical systems. It has green value because of non-hazardous acoustic radiation and is therefore duly recognized as a green chemistry by synthetic chemists as well as environmentalists. There is no direct interaction of ultrasound with molecular species, but the observed chemical and physical effects of ultrasound are due to the cavitational collapse, which produces drastic conditions of temperature and pressure locally. It induces the formation of various chemical species, which cannot be easily attained under conventional conditions. Sometimes, these species are responsible for driving towards an unusual reactivity in molecular entities. This book, Sonochemistry: An Emerging Green Technology, provides the complete development of sonochemistry, starting with an introduction and basic concepts of sonochemistry and proceeding on to different types of sonochemical reactions, instrumentation, use of ultrasound in driving particular chemical reactions, and its applications in various fields, such as polymer synthesis, decontamination of water and wastewater, preparation of nanomaterials, food technology, pharmaceutical sciences, etc. The book also briefly discusses some areas that utilize ultrasounds of different frequencies. These include food products and their processing; anaerobic digestion of waste; and medical applications such as ultrasonography, sonodynamic therapy, drug delivery, etc. Sonochemistry will be successfully used on an industrial scale in pharmaceutical drugs, polymers, nanomaterials, food technology, material science, biogas production, etc. in years to come and will be an established green chemical technology of the future.

This book highlights the potential and scope of green chemistry for clean and sustainable development. Covering the basics, the book introduces readers to the need and the many applications and benefits and advantages of environmentally friendly chemical practice and application in industry. The book addresses such topics as ecologically safe products, catalysts and solvents, conditions needed to produce such products, types of chemical processes that are conducive to green chemistry, and much more.

The large-scale production of chemicals to meet various societal needs has created environmental pollution, including pollution from byproducts and improper disposal of waste. With the world facing adverse consequences due to this pollution, green chemistry is increasingly being viewed as a means to address this concern. Since most organic syntheses require toxic solvents, more reaction time, and drastic conditions of temperature, conventional methods of organic synthesis are less preferred. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis is considered to be a promising green chemical approach because it reduces reaction time from days or hours to minutes or even seconds, and has many other advantages. It helps reduce side reactions and increase yields, uses fewer solvents or is almost solvent-free, has solid supported reactions, and improves purity. This book's main focus is microwave-assisted organic synthesis processes, particularly various reactions such as cycloaddition, rearrangement, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, condensation, coupling, polymerization, nanomaterials, synthesis of heterocycles, and industrial applications under microwave irradiation. The time is not far off when this methodology will virtually replace existing and cumbersome methods of organic synthesis.

One of the major areas of emphasis in the field of in chemical science and engineering technology in recent years has been interdisciplinary research, a trend that promises new insights and innovations rooted in cross-disciplinary collaboration. This volume is designed for stepping beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries and applying knowledge and insights from multiple fields. This book, Chemical Science and Engineering Technology: Perspectives on Interdisciplinary Research, provides a selection of chapters on interdisciplinary research in chemical science and engineering technology, taking a conceptual, and practical approach. The book includes case studies and supporting technologies and also explains the conceptual thinking behind current uses and potential uses not yet implemented. International experts with countless years of experience lend this volume credibility.

This new volume looks at significant new research, methodologies, and applications in the fields of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. It explores a variety of new developments in advanced carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles along with the tools to characterize and predict their properties and behavior. It introduces and reviews methods that are most frequently encountered in sophisticated nano-scaled materials domains, and helps to bridge the gap between classical analysis and modern real-life applications. A diverse array of topics in the field is addressed that provides many practical insights into nanocomposites and nanomaterials sciences.

Showcasing a selection of new research on nanotechnological applications for environmental protection along with new advanced technologies in nanochemistry, this volume presents an interdisciplinary approach that brings together materials science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Part I of the volume looks at environmental topics that include an exploration of the challenges of the global water crisis and new technology in nanofiltration and water purification. It provides an informative overview of green nanotechnology, green nanomaterials, and green chemistry. Some of the advanced technologies discussed in Part II include the application of quantum dots, a nanochemical approach to using ICT technology, and new research on polymer nanocomposites as a smart material along with its synthesis, preparation, and properties. Other important topics are included as well.

As the structure and behavior of molecules and crystals depend on their different symmetries, group theory becomes an essential tool in many important areas of chemistry. It is a quite powerful theoretical tool to predict many basic as well as some characteristic properties of molecules. Whereas quantum mechanics provide solutions of some chemical problems on the basis of complicated mathematics, group theory puts forward these solutions in a very simplified and fascinating manner. Group theory has been successfully applied to many chemical problems. Students and teachers of chemical sciences have an invisible fear from this subject due to the difficulty with the mathematical jugglery. An active sixth dimension is required to understand the concept as well as to apply it to solve the problems of chemistry. This book avoids mathematical complications and presents group theory so that it is accessible to students as well as faculty and researchers. Chemical Applications of Symmetry and Group Theory discusses different applications to chemical problems with suitable examples. The book develops the concept of symmetry and group theory, representation of group, its applications to I.R. and Raman spectroscopy, U.V spectroscopy, bonding theories like molecular orbital theory, ligand field theory, hybridization, and more. Figures are included so that reader can visualize the symmetry, symmetry elements, and operations.

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this new volume brings together innovative research, new concepts, and novel developments in the application of new tools in green chemistry and sustainable technology. The diverse coverage includes chapters on ionic liquids as green solvents, an environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis and biological evaluation of -aminophosphonate derivatives, the application of nanotechnology in biological sciences and green chemistry, eco-friendly polymers, the effect of global warming and greenhouse gases on environmental system, and more.

Photocatalysis, reactions carried out in the presence of a semiconductor and light, is rapidly becoming one of the most active areas of chemical research, with applications in areas such as electrochemistry, medicine, and environmental chemistry, Photocatalysis: Principles and Applications stresses the development of various types of photocatalytic semiconductors, including binary, ternary, quaternary, and composite, and their modifications by metallization, sensitization, and doping to enhance their photocatalytic activities. In addition to describing the principles and mechanisms of photocatalysis, it also discusses other possible applications of photocatalysis such as use as antifouling agents, controlling air pollution by degrading contaminants present in the environment, self-cleaning of glasses and tiles in the presence of light/artificial light, green composites, wastewater treatment, hydrogen generation, and inactivation of microorganisms. The book also describes medical applications and summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and also a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Introduces the basic principle of photocatalysis. Provides an overview of the types of semiconductors, their immobilization, and modifications to make them more active. Gives possible applications of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment and strategy to combat against different kinds of pollutions like water, air, and soil. Summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and as a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Discusses inactivation of different kinds of microorganisms. Covers medical applications.

Photocatalysis, reactions carried out in the presence of a semiconductor and light, is rapidly becoming one of the most active areas of chemical research, with applications in areas such as electrochemistry, medicine, and environmental chemistry, Photocatalysis: Principles and Applications stresses the development of various types of photocatalytic semiconductors, including binary, ternary, quaternary, and composite, and their modifications by metallization, sensitization, and doping to enhance their photocatalytic activities. In addition to describing the principles and mechanisms of photocatalysis, it also discusses other possible applications of photocatalysis such as use as antifouling agents, controlling air pollution by degrading contaminants present in the environment, self-cleaning of glasses and tiles in the presence of light/artificial light, green composites, wastewater treatment, hydrogen generation, and inactivation of microorganisms. The book also describes medical applications and summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and also a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Introduces the basic principle of photocatalysis. Provides an overview of the types of semiconductors, their immobilization, and modifications to make them more active. Gives possible applications of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment and strategy to combat against different kinds of pollutions like water, air, and soil. Summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and as a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Discusses inactivation of different kinds of microorganisms. Covers medical applications. Features Introduces the basic principle of photocatalysis. Provides an overview of the types of semiconductors, their immobilization, and modifications to make them more active. Gives possible applications of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment and strategy to combat against different kinds of pollutions like water, air, and soil. Summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and as a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Discusses inactivation of different kinds of microorganisms. Covers medical applications.

As the structure and behavior of molecules and crystals depend on their different symmetries, group theory becomes an essential tool in many important areas of chemistry. It is a quite powerful theoretical tool to predict many basic as well as some characteristic properties of molecules. Whereas quantum mechanics provide solutions of some chemical problems on the basis of complicated mathematics, group theory puts forward these solutions in a very simplified and fascinating manner. Group theory has been successfully applied to many chemical problems. Students and teachers of chemical sciences have an invisible fear from this subject due to the difficulty with the mathematical jugglery. An active sixth dimension is required to understand the concept as well as to apply it to solve the problems of chemistry. This book avoids mathematical complications and presents group theory so that it is accessible to students as well as faculty and researchers. Chemical Applications of Symmetry and Group Theory discusses different applications to chemical problems with suitable examples. The book develops the concept of symmetry and group theory, representation of group, its applications to I.R. and Raman spectroscopy, U.V spectroscopy, bonding theories like molecular orbital theory, ligand field theory, hybridization, and more. Figures are included so that reader can visualize the symmetry, symmetry elements, and operations.

Quantum Dots: Fundamentals, Synthesis and Applications compiles key information, along with practical guidance on quantum dot synthesis and applications. Beginning with an introduction, Part One highlights such foundational knowledge as growth mechanisms, shape and composition, electrochemical properties, and production scale-up for quantum dots. Part Two goes on to provide practical guides to key chemical, physical and biological methods for the synthesis of quantum dots, with Part Three reviewing the application of quantum dots and a range of important use cases, including photocatalysis, energy cells and medical imaging. Drawing on the knowledge of its expert authors, this comprehensive book provides practical guidance for all those who already study, develop or use quantum dots in their work.

One of the major areas of emphasis in the field of in chemical science and engineering technology in recent years has been interdisciplinary research, a trend that promises new insights and innovations rooted in cross-disciplinary collaboration. This volume is designed for stepping beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries and applying knowledge and insights from multiple fields. This book, Chemical Science and Engineering Technology: Perspectives on Interdisciplinary Research, provides a selection of chapters on interdisciplinary research in chemical science and engineering technology, taking a conceptual, and practical approach. The book includes case studies and supporting technologies and also explains the conceptual thinking behind current uses and potential uses not yet implemented. International experts with countless years of experience lend this volume credibility.

This book highlights the potential and scope of green chemistry for clean and sustainable development. Covering the basics, the book introduces readers to the need and the many applications and benefits and advantages of environmentally friendly chemical practice and application in industry. The book addresses such topics as ecologically safe products, catalysts and solvents, conditions needed to produce such products, types of chemical processes that are conducive to green chemistry, and much more.

Showcasing a selection of new research on nanotechnological applications for environmental protection along with new advanced technologies in nanochemistry, this volume presents an interdisciplinary approach that brings together materials science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Part I of the volume looks at environmental topics that include an exploration of the challenges of the global water crisis and new technology in nanofiltration and water purification. It provides an informative overview of green nanotechnology, green nanomaterials, and green chemistry. Some of the advanced technologies discussed in Part II include the application of quantum dots, a nanochemical approach to using ICT technology, and new research on polymer nanocomposites as a smart material along with its synthesis, preparation, and properties. Other important topics are included as well.

Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes showcases the latest advances in solar cell technology while offering valuable insight into the future of solar energy conversion and storage. Focusing on photochemical methods of converting and/or storing light energy in the form of electrical or chemical energy, the book: Describes various types of solar cells, including photovoltaic cells, photogalvanic cells, photoelectrochemical cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells Covers the photogeneration of hydrogen, photoreduction of carbon dioxide, and artificial/mimicking photosynthesis Discusses the generation of electricity from solar cells, as well as methods for storing solar energy in the form of chemical energy Highlights existing photochemical methods of solar energy conversion and storage Explores emerging trends such as the use of nanoparticles Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for graduate students, researchers, and engineers alike.

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Water Treatment: Emerging Green Chemical Technology is a complete resource covering the fundamentals and applications of all Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). This book presents the most up-to-date research on AOPs and makes the argument that AOPs offer an eco-friendly method of wastewater treatment. In addition to an overview of the fundamentals and applications, it details the reactive species involved, along with sections on reactor designs, thus helping readers understand and implement these methods.

Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds: Fundamentals and Applications provides a systematic overview of the photochemical and photophysical properties of coordination compounds with different metal cores. Beginning with a clear introduction to the fundamentals of both photochemistry and coordination chemistry, the book goes on to outline the photochemical and photophysical properties of a large range of coordination compounds, clustering metal cores together in chapters according to their period table group, ranging across Transition metals, Lanthanides and Actinides. In addition to outlining their properties, each chapter discusses the synthesis, current applications and future potential of coordination compounds in each group. Drawing on the experience of a global team of experts, this book is an authoritative guide for all those interested in understanding and harnessing the photochemical properties and potential applications of coordination complexes for their own work.

This new volume looks at significant new research, methodologies, and applications in the fields of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. It explores a variety of new developments in advanced carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles along with the tools to characterize and predict their properties and behavior. It introduces and reviews methods that are most frequently encountered in sophisticated nano-scaled materials domains, and helps to bridge the gap between classical analysis and modern real-life applications. A diverse array of topics in the field is addressed that provides many practical insights into nanocomposites and nanomaterials sciences.

Micropollutants and Challenges: Emerging in the Aquatic Environments and Treatment Processes systematically summarizes the characteristics, micropollutants types, production resources, occurrence in aqueous environments, health effects, methods of detection and treatments. Throughout each chapter, the following topics will be presented: (i) The quality and quantity evaluation of aquatic micro-pollutants, (ii) The need for innovative and affordable wastewater treatment technologies, and (iii) Combinations of different conventional and advanced technologies, including the biological and plant-based strategies that seem most promising.

Green Chemistry and Biodiversity: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations reports on new approaches to designing chemicals and chemical transformations that are beneficial for human health and the environment, a continuing emerging important field of study. This volume provides a collection of innovative research on the development of alternative sustainable technologies, taking a broad view of the subject and integrating a wide variety of approaches. With a focus on the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and biodiversity, this volume will be a rich resource for scientists and researchers in many subfields of chemistry and chemical engineering.