Parkinson's disease is no longer considered only a motor disorder. It has become evident that the pathological changes are broad, the progression seems to follow a pattern suggesting transynaptic transmission via templation of proteins in a prion-like fashion, and that these pathological changes usually antedate the motor symptoms by decades. This book emphasizes treatment options for Parkinson's disease, critically assessing pharmacologic and surgical interventions for all aspects of the disease. Evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials is highlighted to develop practical recommendations for clinical practice. Lessons learnt from clinical trials - and controversies and future challenges - are all addressed. Readers will find the necessary clinical and scientific foundations for the understanding of the disease, the underpinnings of the pathological processes, the identification of disease biomarkers, and the basis for solid therapeutics. Chapters are authored by an international team of specialists who bring their expertise to improving the management of this disease.

This book aims to provide a single reference source on levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) from bench to bedside .

Initial chapters review the clinical features and phenomenology of LID with video examples; epidemiology and genetic risk factors for LID are covered as a background to understanding risk factors for developing LID. The following chapters cover the latest preclinical studies aiming to understand the pathophysiology of LID at the cellular, neurochemical, neurophysiological and circuitry level with detailed discussion of mechanisms and future directions to take the field forward; clinical studies from phase II to phase IV; on going RCTs in LID and evidence-based medicine reviews of treatment options.

"Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson s Disease" is aimed at an international audience of movement disorder neurologists; neuroscientists; trainees and graduate and post-graduate students."

Part of the "What Do I Do Now?" series, Movement Disorders uses a case-based approach to cover common and important topics in the examination, investigation, and management of Parkinson's disease, gait disorders, dystonia, and other movement disorders. Each chapter provides a discussion of the diagnosis, key points to remember, and selected references for further reading. For this edition, all cases and references have been updated and fifteen new cases have been added including: Genetic testing in Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Fragile X Tremor Ataxia Syndrome, Botulinum Toxin, Catatonia, and Serotonin Syndrome. Movement Disorders is an engaging collection of thought-provoking cases which clinicians can utilize when they encounter difficult patients. The volume is also a self-assessment tool that tests the reader's ability to answer the question, "What do I do now?"