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Volume of new essays investigating Kleist's influences and sources
both literary and philosophical, their role as paradigms, and the
ways in which he responded to and often shattered them. Heinrich
von Kleist (1777-1811) was a rebel who upset canonization by
employing his predecessors and contemporaries as what Steven Howe
calls "inspirational foils." It was precisely a keen awareness of
literary and philosophical traditions that allowed Kleist to
shatter prevailing paradigms. Though little is known about what
specifically Kleist read, the frequent allusions in his enduringly
modern oeuvre indicate fruitful dialogues with both canonical and
marginal works of European literature, spanning antiquity (The Old
Testament, Sophocles), the Early Modern Period (Shakespeare, De
Zayas), the late Enlightenment (Wieland, Goethe, Schiller), and the
first eleven years of the nineteenth century (Mereau, Brentano,
Collin). Kleist's works also evidence encounters with his
philosophical precursors and contemporaries, including the ancient
Greeks (Aristotle) and representatives of all phases of
Enlightenment thought (Montesquieu, Rousseau, Ferguson, Spalding,
Fichte, Kant, Hegel), economic theories (Smith, Kraus), and
developments in anthropology, sociology, and law. This volume of
new essays sheds light on Kleist's relationship to his literary and
philosophical influences and on their function as paradigms to
which his writings respond.
Public research universities were previously able to provide
excellent education to white families thanks to healthy government
funding. However, that funding has all but dried up in recent
decades as historically underrepresented students have gained
greater access, and now less prestigious public universities face
major economic challenges. In Broke, Laura T. Hamilton and Kelly
Nielsen examine virtually all aspects of campus life to show how
the new economic order in public universities, particularly at two
campuses in the renowned University of California system, affects
students. For most of the twentieth century, they show, less
affluent families of color paid with their taxes for wealthy white
students to attend universities where their own offspring were not
welcome. That changed as a subset of public research universities,
some quite old, opted for a "new" approach, making racially and
economically marginalized youth the lifeblood of the university.
These new universities, however, have been particularly hard hit by
austerity. To survive, they've had to adapt, finding new ways to
secure funding and trim costs--but ultimately it's their students
who pay the price, in decreased services and inadequate
infrastructure. The rise of new universities is a reminder that a
world-class education for all is possible. Broke shows us how far
we are from that ideal and sets out a path for how we could get
there.
In democratic societies, investigative journalism holds government
and private institutions accountable to the public. From firings
and resignations to changes in budgets and laws, the impact of this
reporting can be significant-but so too are the costs. As
newspapers confront shrinking subscriptions and advertising
revenue, who is footing the bill for journalists to carry out their
essential work? Democracy's Detectives puts investigative
journalism under a magnifying glass to clarify the challenges and
opportunities facing news organizations today. Drawing on a
painstakingly assembled data set of thousands of investigations by
U.S. journalists, James T. Hamilton deploys economic theories of
markets and incentives to reach conclusions about the types of
investigative stories that get prioritized and funded. Hamilton
chronicles a remarkable record of investigative journalism's
real-world impact, showing how a single dollar invested in a story
can generate hundreds of dollars in social benefits. An in-depth
case study of Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Pat Stith of The News
and Observer in Raleigh, NC, who pursued over 150 investigations
that led to the passage of dozens of state laws, illustrates the
wide-ranging impact one intrepid journalist can have. Important
stories are going untold as news outlets increasingly shy away from
the expense of watchdog reporting, Hamilton warns, but technology
may hold an answer. Computational journalism-making novel use of
digital records and data-mining algorithms-promises to lower the
costs of discovering stories and increase demand among readers.
From national security and social security to homeland and
cyber-security, "security" has become one of the most overused
words in culture and politics today. Yet it also remains one of the
most undefined. What exactly are we talking about when we talk
about security? In this original and timely book, John Hamilton
examines the discursive versatility and semantic vagueness of
security both in current and historical usage. Adopting a
philological approach, he explores the fundamental ambiguity of
this word, which denotes the removal of "concern" or "care" and
therefore implies a condition that is either carefree or careless.
Spanning texts from ancient Greek poetry to Roman Stoicism, from
Augustine and Luther to Machiavelli and Hobbes, from Kant and
Nietzsche to Heidegger and Carl Schmitt, Hamilton analyzes
formulations of security that involve both safety and negligence,
confidence and complacency, certitude and ignorance. Does security
instill more fear than it assuages? Is a security purchased with
freedom or human rights morally viable? How do security projects
inform our expectations, desires, and anxieties? And how does the
will to security relate to human finitude? Although the book makes
clear that security has always been a major preoccupation of
humanity, it also suggests that contemporary panics about security
and the related desire to achieve perfect safety carry their own
very significant risks.
Helicopter parents--the kind that continue to hover even in
college--are one of the most ridiculed figures of
twenty-first-century parenting, criticized for creating entitled
young adults who boomerang back home. But do involved parents
really damage their children and burden universities? In this book,
sociologist Laura T. Hamilton illuminates the lives of young women
and their families to ask just what role parents play during the
crucial college years. Hamilton vividly captures the parenting
approaches of mothers and fathers from all walks of life--from a
CFO for a Fortune 500 company to a waitress at a roadside diner. As
she shows, parents are guided by different visions of the ideal
college experience, built around classed notions of women's
work/family plans and the ideal age to "grow up." Some are
intensively involved and hold adulthood at bay to cultivate
specific traits: professional helicopters, for instance, help
develop the skills and credentials that will advance their
daughters' careers, while pink helicopters emphasize appearance,
charm, and social ties in the hopes that women will secure a
wealthy mate. In sharp contrast, bystander parents--whose influence
is often limited by economic concerns--are relegated to the
sidelines of their daughter's lives. Finally, paramedic
parents--who can come from a wide range of class backgrounds--sit
in the middle, intervening in emergencies but otherwise valuing
self-sufficiency above all. Analyzing the effects of each of these
approaches with clarity and depth, Hamilton ultimately argues that
successfully navigating many colleges and universities without
involved parents is nearly impossible, and that schools themselves
are increasingly dependent on active parents for a wide array of
tasks, with intended and unintended consequences. Altogether,
Parenting to a Degree offers an incisive look into the new--and
sometimes problematic--relationship between students, parents, and
universities.
A critical reflection on complacency and its role in the decline of
classics in the academy. In response to philosopher Simon
Blackburn's portrayal of complacency as a vice that impairs
university study at its core, John T. Hamilton examines the history
of complacency in classics and its implications for our
contemporary moment. The subjects, philosophies, and literatures of
ancient Greece and Rome were once treated as the foundation of
learning, with everything else devolving from them. Hamilton
investigates what this model of superiority, derived from the
golden age of the classical tradition, shares with the current
hegemony of mathematics and the natural sciences. He considers how
the qualitative methods of classics relate to the quantitative
positivism of big data, statistical reasoning, and presumably
neutral abstraction, which often dismiss humanist subjectivity,
legitimize self-sufficiency, and promote a fresh brand of academic
complacency. In acknowledging the reduced status of classics in
higher education today, he questions how scholarly striation and
stagnation continue to bolster personal, ethical, and political
complacency in our present era.
From national security and social security to homeland and
cyber-security, "security" has become one of the most overused
words in culture and politics today. Yet it also remains one of the
most undefined. What exactly "are" we talking about when we talk
about security? In this original and timely book, John Hamilton
examines the discursive versatility and semantic vagueness of
security both in current and historical usage. Adopting a
philological approach, he explores the fundamental ambiguity of
this word, which denotes the removal of "concern" or "care" and
therefore implies a condition that is either carefree or careless.
Spanning texts from ancient Greek poetry to Roman Stoicism, from
Augustine and Luther to Machiavelli and Hobbes, from Kant and
Nietzsche to Heidegger and Carl Schmitt, Hamilton analyzes
formulations of security that involve both safety and negligence,
confidence and complacency, certitude and ignorance. Does security
instill more fear than it assuages? Is a security purchased with
freedom or human rights morally viable? How do security projects
inform our expectations, desires, and anxieties? And how does the
will to security relate to human finitude? Although the book makes
clear that security has always been a major preoccupation of
humanity, it also suggests that contemporary panics about security
and the related desire to achieve perfect safety carry their own
very significant risks.
A critical reflection on complacency and its role in the decline of
classics in the academy. In response to philosopher Simon
Blackburn's portrayal of complacency as a vice that impairs
university study at its core, John T. Hamilton examines the history
of complacency in classics and its implications for our
contemporary moment. The subjects, philosophies, and literatures of
ancient Greece and Rome were once treated as the foundation of
learning, with everything else devolving from them. Hamilton
investigates what this model of superiority, derived from the
golden age of the classical tradition, shares with the current
hegemony of mathematics and the natural sciences. He considers how
the qualitative methods of classics relate to the quantitative
positivism of big data, statistical reasoning, and presumably
neutral abstraction, which often dismiss humanist subjectivity,
legitimize self-sufficiency, and promote a fresh brand of academic
complacency. In acknowledging the reduced status of classics in
higher education today, he questions how scholarly striation and
stagnation continue to bolster personal, ethical, and political
complacency in our present era.
Winner of the Goldsmith Book Prize, Shorenstein Center on Media,
Politics and Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School of
Government Winner of the Tankard Book Award, Association for
Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Winner of the Frank
Luther Mott-Kappa Tau Alpha Journalism & Mass Communication
Research Award In democratic societies, investigative journalism
holds government and private institutions accountable to the
public. From firings and resignations to changes in budgets and
laws, the impact of this reporting can be significant-but so too
are the costs. As newspapers confront shrinking subscriptions and
advertising revenue, who is footing the bill for journalists to
carry out their essential work? Democracy's Detectives puts
investigative journalism under a magnifying glass to clarify the
challenges and opportunities facing news organizations today.
"Hamilton's book presents a thoughtful and detailed case for the
indispensability of investigative journalism-and just at the time
when we needed it. Now more than ever, reporters can play an
essential role as society's watchdogs, working to expose
corruption, greed, and injustice of the years to come. For this
reason, Democracy's Detectives should be taken as both a call to
arms and a bracing reminder, for readers and journalists alike, of
the importance of the profession." -Anya Schiffrin, The Nation "A
highly original look at exactly what the subtitle promises...Has
this topic ever been more important than this year?" -Tyler Cowen,
Marginal Revolution
When Oedipus met the Sphinx on the road to Thebes, he did more than
answer a riddle - he spawned a myth that, told and retold, would
become one of Western culture's central narratives about
self-understanding. Identifying the story as a threshold myth - in
which the hero crosses over into an unknown and dangerous realm
where rules and limits are not known - Oedipus and the Sphinx
offers a fresh account of this mythic encounter and how it deals
with the concepts of liminality and otherness. Almut-Barbara Renger
assesses the story's meanings and functions in classical antiquity
- from its presence in ancient vase painting to its absence in
Sophocles' tragedy - before arriving at two of its major reworkings
in European modernity: the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud
and the poetics of Jean Cocteau. Through her readings, she
highlights the ambiguous status of the Sphinx and reveals Oedipus
himself to be a liminal creature, providing key insights into
Sophocles' portrayal and establishing a theoretical framework that
organizes evaluations of the myth's reception in the twentieth
century. Revealing the narrative of Oedipus and the Sphinx to be
the very paradigm of a key transition experienced by all of
humankind, Renger situates myth between the competing claims of
science and art in an engagement that has important implications
for current debates in literary studies, psychoanalytic theory,
cultural history, and aesthetics.
Two young women, dormitory mates, embark on their education at a
big state university. Five years later, one is earning a good
salary at a prestigious accounting firm. With no loans to repay,
she lives in a fashionable apartment with her fiance. The other
woman, saddled with burdensome debt and a low GPA, is still
struggling to finish her degree in tourism. In an era of
skyrocketing tuition and mounting concern over whether college is
"worth it," Paying for the Party is an indispensable contribution
to the dialogue assessing the state of American higher education. A
powerful expose of unmet obligations and misplaced priorities, it
explains in vivid detail why so many leave college with so little
to show for it. Drawing on findings from a five-year interview
study, Elizabeth Armstrong and Laura Hamilton bring us to the
campus of "MU," a flagship Midwestern public university, where we
follow a group of women drawn into a culture of status seeking and
sororities. Mapping different pathways available to MU students,
the authors demonstrate that the most well-resourced and seductive
route is a "party pathway" anchored in the Greek system and
facilitated by the administration. This pathway exerts influence
over the academic and social experiences of all students, and while
it benefits the affluent and well-connected, Armstrong and Hamilton
make clear how it seriously disadvantages the majority. Eye-opening
and provocative, Paying for the Party reveals how outcomes can
differ so dramatically for those whom universities enroll.
"If it bleeds, it leads." The phrase captures television news
directors' famed preference for opening newscasts with the most
violent stories they can find. And what is true for news is often
true for entertainment programming, where violence is used as a
product to attract both viewers and sponsors. In this book, James
Hamilton presents the first major theoretical and empirical
examination of the market for television violence.
Hamilton approaches television violence in the same way that
other economists approach the problem of pollution: that is, as an
example of market failure. He argues that television violence, like
pollution, generates negative externalities, defined as costs borne
by others than those involved in the production activity.
Broadcasters seeking to attract viewers may not fully bear the
costs to society of their violent programming, if those costs
include such factors as increased levels of aggression and crime in
society. Hamilton goes on to say that the comparison to pollution
remains relevant when considering how to deal with the problem.
Approaches devised to control violent programming, such as
restricting it to certain times and rating programs according to
the violence they contain, have parallels in zoning and education
policies designed to protect the environment.
Hamilton examines in detail the microstructure of incentives
that operate at every level of television broadcasting, from
programming and advertising to viewer behavior, so that remedies
can be devised to reduce violent programming without restricting
broadcasters' right to compete.
"Before the West Was West" examines the extent to which scholars
have engaged in-depth with pre-1800 "western" texts and asks what
we mean by "western" American literature in the first place and
"when" that designation originated.
Calling into question the implicit temporal boundaries of the
"American West" in literature, a literature often viewed as having
commenced only at the beginning of the 1800s, "Before the West Was
West" explores the concrete, meaningful connections between
different texts as well as the development of national ideologies
and mythologies. Examining pre-nineteenth-century writings that do
not fit conceptions of the Wild West or of cowboys, cattle
ranching, and the Pony Express, these thirteen essays demonstrate
that no single, unified idea or geography defines the American
West.
Contributors investigate texts ranging from the Norse Vinland
Sagas and Mary Rowlandson's famous captivity narrative to early
Spanish and French exploration narratives, an eighteenth-century
English novel, and a play by Aphra Behn. Through its examination of
the disparate and multifaceted body of literature that arises from
a broad array of cultural backgrounds and influences, "Before the
West Was West "apprehends the literary West in temporal as well as
spatial and cultural terms and poses new questions about
"westernness" and its literary representation.
While his memory languished under Nazi censorship, Franz Kafka
covertly circulated through occupied France and soon emerged as a
cultural icon, read by the most influential intellectuals of the
time as a prophet of the rampant bureaucracy, totalitarian
oppression, and absurdity that branded the twentieth century. In
tracing the history of Kafka's reception in postwar France, John T.
Hamilton explores how the work of a German-Jewish writer from
Prague became a modern classic capable of addressing universal
themes of the human condition. Hamilton also considers how Kafka's
unique literary corpus came to stimulate reflection in diverse
movements, critical approaches, and philosophical schools, from
surrealism and existentialism through psychoanalysis,
phenomenology, and structuralism to Marxism, deconstruction, and
feminism. The story of Kafka's afterlife in Paris thus furnishes a
key chapter in the unfolding of French theory, which continues to
guide how we read literature and understand its relationship to the
world.
That market forces drive the news is not news. Whether a story
appears in print, on television, or on the Internet depends on who
is interested, its value to advertisers, the costs of assembling
the details, and competitors' products. But in "All the News That's
Fit to Sell," economist James Hamilton shows just how this happens.
Furthermore, many complaints about journalism--media bias, soft
news, and pundits as celebrities--arise from the impact of this
economic logic on news judgments.
This is the first book to develop an economic theory of news,
analyze evidence across a wide range of media markets on how
incentives affect news content, and offer policy conclusions. Media
bias, for instance, was long a staple of the news. Hamilton's
analysis of newspapers from 1870 to 1900 reveals how nonpartisan
reporting became the norm. A hundred years later, some partisan
elements reemerged as, for example, evening news broadcasts tried
to retain young female viewers with stories aimed at their
(Democratic) political interests. Examination of story selection on
the network evening news programs from 1969 to 1998 shows how cable
competition, deregulation, and ownership changes encouraged a shift
from hard news about politics toward more soft news about
entertainers.
Hamilton concludes by calling for lower costs of access to
government information, a greater role for nonprofits in funding
journalism, the development of norms that stress hard news
reporting, and the defining of digital and Internet property rights
to encourage the flow of news. Ultimately, this book shows that by
more fully understanding the economics behind the news, we will be
better positioned to ensure that the news serves the public
good.
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