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Bridge the gap between the physical foundations of substance abuse
and the psychosocial approaches that can treat it!This
groundbreaking book offers helping professionals a thorough
introduction to the neurobiological aspects of substance abuse. It
presents the basic information on the subject, including the
various neurobiological theories of addiction, and places them in a
psychosocial context. Its clear and straightforward style connects
the theoretical information with practical applications. This is an
essential resource for substance abuse counselors, researchers,
therapists, and social workers. Neurobiology of Addictions offers
sound, tested information on substance abuse issues, including:
neurobiological theories of addiction integrating drug treatments
and therapeutic interventions using neurobiology to discover
substance abuse in clients of various ages perspectives from social
work, pharmacology, biology, and neuroscience
Bridge the gap between the physical foundations of substance abuse
and the psychosocial approaches that can treat it This
groundbreaking book offers helping professionals a thorough
introduction to the neurobiological aspects of substance abuse. It
presents the basic information on the subject, including the
various neurobiological theories of addiction, and places them in a
psychosocial context. Its clear and straightforward style connects
the theoretical information with practical applications. This is an
essential resource for substance abuse counselors, researchers,
therapists, and social workers. Neurobiology of Addictions offers
sound, tested information on substance abuse issues, including:
neurobiological theories of addiction integrating drug treatments
and therapeutic interventions using neurobiology to discover
substance abuse in clients of various ages perspectives from social
work, pharmacology, biology, and neuroscience Offers helping
professionals a thorough introduction to the neurobiological
aspects of substance abuse. It presents the basic information on
the subject, including the various neurobiological theories of
addiction, and places them in a psychosocial context.
atmosphere and vegetation. In what ways can key ural and cultural
functions of water, primarily elements of the water balance and the
hydrological through direct interference by agriculture and cycle
be altered by climate change? To answer this through pollutant
loads emanating from point and question, the Council presents an
analysis in which non-point sources in settlements, the small
business characteristics of the hydrological cycle under pre
sector, agriculture and industry. Too little is known sent climatic
conditions are compared to those in a about the behavior of
substances that enter water simulated climate with CO doubling
(equivalent to through human activities, about their decomposition
2 twice present-day levels). Here, the Council draws on and
conversion, and about the impacts they have on calculations made
with the ECHAM/OPYC coupled ecosystems and humans. The most
important factors atmosphere-ocean model developed by the German
influencing global water quality include acidification, Climate
Computing Centre (DKRZ) and the Max eutrophication, salinization,
and pollution caused by Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI).
Simulations organic and inorganic trace compounds (pesticides with
the model show that more precipitation falls on and heavy metals,
for example). Quality standards land masses in a warmer climate,
especially at high such as those governing agricultural and
industrial latitudes and in parts of the tropics and subtropics,
uses have yet to be defined for many other types of while other
regions have less rain. The latter include use.
Many societies assign sharply distinguished roles to men and
women. Personality differences, as well as physical differences,
between men and women are used to justify these different sex
roles, and women are seen as more emotionally and interpersonally
sensitive than men, while men are said to be more competent,
achievement oriented, and assertive than women. A widely held view
is that not only do men and women differ but that possession of
"masculine" characteristics precludes possession of "feminine"
characteristics. This bipolar conception has led to the definition
of masculinity and femininity as opposites. Acceptance of this idea
has caused social scientists and laypersons to consider men and
women who possess cross-sex personality characteristics as less
emotionally healthy and socially adjusted than those with
sex-appropriate traits. Previous research by the authors and
others, done almost exclusively with college students, has shown,
however, that masculinity and femininity do not relate negatively
to each other, thus supporting a dualistic rather than a bipolar
conception of these two psychological dimensions.
Spence and Helmreich present data showing that the dualistic
conception holds for a large number of groups, varying widely in
age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and patterns of
interest, whose psychological masculinity and femininity were
measured with an objective instrument, the Personality Attributes
Questionnaire, devised by the authors. Many individuals are shown
to be appropriately sex-typed; that is, men tend to be high in
masculinity and low in femininity and women the reverse. However, a
substantial number of men and women are androgynous--high in both
masculine and feminine characteristics--while some are not high in
either. Importantly, the authors find that androgynous individuals
display more self-esteem, social competence, and achievement
orientation than individuals who are strong in either masculinity
or femininity or are not strong in either.
One of the major contributions of the work is the development of
a new, multifaceted measure of achievement motivation (the Work and
Family Orientation Questionnaire), which can be used successfully
to predict behavior in both males and females and is related to
masculinity and femininity in both sexes.
In addition to investigating the correlates of masculinity and
femininity, the authors attempt to isolate parental factors that
contribute to the development of these characteristics and
achievement motivation. The book includes analyses of data from
students on their perception of their parents, which enable the
authors to examine the influence of parental masculinity and
femininity and parental behaviors and child-rearing attitudes on
the development of masculinity and femininity and achievement
motivation characteristics in their children. The important
implications of these findings for theories of sex roles,
personality development, and achievement motivation are
examined.
When at every turn, they find a new twist, or a new requirement,
foreign investors in Africa can be easily discouraged from setting
up businesses. Although many African governments have liberalized
and reformed investment policies and promote themselves as
investment sites, the reality facing investors differs greatly. To
help change the 'lack of investor response' to Africa's
enticements, this book examines the administrative constraints to
investment in several African countries. It presents the experience
that confronts investors when they set up a company. The case
histories demonstrate how the morass of licenses, approvals,
permits, and other requirements that result in undue delays and
unforeseen costs encourage bribery and corruption and foster an
environment of pervasive uncertainty for all investors. The
chapters are divided into four areas, which correspond roughly to
the chronological process of investment. They are: 1) general
approvals, licenses, and registrations; 2) specialized approvals;
3) requirements to gain access to land, site development, and
utility connections; and 4) operational requirements. This
publication will be of interest to government officials, academics,
and investment firms.
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