This book presents the most advanced review available of all aspects of -electron systems, including novel structures, new synthetic protocols, chemical and physical properties, spectroscopic and computational insights, molecular engineering, device properties and physiological properties. -Electron systems are ubiquitous in nature. Plants convert light energy into chemical energy by photosynthetic processes, in which chlorophylls and other porphyrinoids play an important role. On the one hand, research to learn about photosynthesis from nature has led to understanding of electron and energy transfer processes and to achieving artificial energy conversion systems inspired by nature. On the other hand, recent advances in organic and inorganic chemistry make it possible to construct novel -electron systems that had never existed in nature. The authors of this book are from a variety of research fields including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, materials science, and biology, providing a comprehensive overview of -electron systems for a broad readership. Not only specialists but also graduate students working in -electron systems will find the book of great interest. Throughout, the diverse potential for future fruitful applications of -electron systems is revealed to the reader.

Knowledge on endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) has increased dramatically during the last decade. Numerous research findings have been reported, making it an opportune time to provide a systematic update on EMFs. Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Basics and Applications presents the most comprehensive review on all aspects of EMFs including their generation, extraction and isolation, structural issues, theories, intrinsic properties, chemical behaviors, and potential applications. In this book, the editors have collected an impressive amount of information regarding this family of a truly sui generis form of matter. The book's authors were chosen for their specific expertise in EMF research and have been gathered from top research groups from around the world. Graduate students, newcomers to the field, and experienced researchers alike will find this book a highly useful reference on the topic.

Knowledge on endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) has increased dramatically during the last decade. Numerous research findings have been reported, making it an opportune time to provide a systematic update on EMFs. Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Basics and Applications presents the most comprehensive review on all aspects of EMFs including their generation, extraction and isolation, structural issues, theories, intrinsic properties, chemical behaviors, and potential applications. In this book, the editors have collected an impressive amount of information regarding this family of a truly sui generis form of matter. The book's authors were chosen for their specific expertise in EMF research and have been gathered from top research groups from around the world. Graduate students, newcomers to the field, and experienced researchers alike will find this book a highly useful reference on the topic.