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For thousands of years, architects have used models to invent,
experiment and communicate. A world in miniature, such models are
even more varied in their purposes and materials than their
full-scale counterparts. This beautifully designed book explores
the uniquely fascinating nature of the architectural model through
26 illustrated essays, one for each letter of the alphabet - from A
for 'Ancient' (on the world's oldest models) to Z for 'Zoom' (on
the photography of models). Unbound by the practicalities of
life-size construction, models allow architects the flexibility and
freedom to think in three dimensions. Whether made for purely
speculative exercises or to solve a specific problem, they are aids
to the imagination. Equally, they can be used as detailed and
accurate representations of particular places (either built or as
yet unrealized) in order to convey information to patrons or the
public. Models can be made in a wide variety of media, from paper,
cork and wood to such ephemeral materials as sugar and jelly. Most
recently, the advent of digital technologies has transformed
possibilities for prototyping, which in turn has greatly influenced
architectural design. Models also have a vibrant life beyond the
design process. Souvenir models collected on the Grand Tour, 1:1
scale plaster models of architectural fragments displayed in
museums, and architectural toys that have delighted children and
adults alike are just some of their manifestations outside the
architect's office. Written by architects, model-makers, curators,
conservators and scholars, the texts in this absorbing Alphabet
explore such varied but fundamental issues as modelling materials
and techniques, scale, and the role of the model in the design
process. They also go beyond conventional accounts to look at
models under the X-ray machine, their use in film, and edible
models. The result is a wide-ranging, insightful and original
account of the multiple lives of the architectural model. AUTHORS:
Dr Teresa Fankhanel is a Curator at the Architekturmuseum der
Technischen Universitat, Munich. Olivia Horsfall Turner is Senior
Curator of Designs at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A),
London, and the V&A's Lead Curator for the V&A+RIBA
Architecture Partnership. Dr Simona Valeriani is Senior Tutor on
the V&A/Royal College of Art History of Design MA. Dr Matthew
Wells is a Lecturer at the Institute for the History and Theory of
Architecture (GTA), ETH Zurich. 40 illustrations
Today, it is hard to imagine the everyday work in an architectural
practice without computers. Bits and bytes play an important role
in the design and presentation of architecture. The book, which is
published in the context of an exhibition of the same name of the
Architekturmuseum der TUM at the Pinakothek der Moderne in Munich,
for the first time considers - in depth - the development of the
digital in architecture. In four chapters, it recounts this
intriguing history from its beginnings in the 1950s through to
today and presents the computer as a drawing machine, as a design
tool, as a medium for telling stories, and as an interactive
communication platform. The basic underlying question is simple:
Has the computer changed architecture? And if so, by how much?
Based on the recent discovery of his fully-preserved private
archive-models, photos, letters, business files, and drawings-this
book tells the story of Theodore Conrad (1910-1994), the most
prominent and prolific architectural model-maker of the 20th
century. Conrad's innovative models were instrumental in the design
and realization of many icons of American Modernism-from the
Rockefeller Center to Lever House and the Seagram Building. He
revolutionized the production of architectural models and became a
model-making entrepreneur in his own right. Yet, despite his
success and the well-known buildings he helped to create, until now
little has been known about Conrad's work and his impact on 20th
century architectural history. With exclusive access to Conrad's
archive, as well as that of model photographer Louis Checkman-both
of which have lain undiscovered in private storage for decades-this
book examines Conrad's work and legacy, accompanied by case studies
of his major commissions and full-color photographs of his works.
Set against the backdrop of the surge in model-making in the 1950s
and 1960s-which Jane Jacobs called "The Miniature Boom"-it explores
how Conrad's models prompt broader scholarly questions about the
nature of authorship in architecture, the importance of
craftsmanship, and about the translation of architectural ideas
between different media. The book ultimately presents an
alternative history of American modern architecture, highlighting
the often-overlooked influence of architectural models and their
makers.
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