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Alfons Staudach has been a long-time member of the Anatomic
Institute of Karl Franzens University in Graz, where he has devoted
particular atten tion to the deeper understanding, appreciation and
visualizion of gross ana tomic details. In this work the author has
achieved correspondence between sonograms and anatomic sections
with a consistency and persuasiveness unequaled in all the previous
literature on diagnostic ultrasound. The various planes of section
andtheir characteristic features, and indeed the entire format of
the text, are designed to provide even the less experienced
sonographer with a valuable basis for conducting his examinations.
The more experienced reader will find essential information on
topographic relations and organ development that is not available
in any other work dealing with fetal ana to y. I am certain that my
high estimation of this volume will prove justified, and that it
will provice its readers with a useful and stimulating resource.
Univ. -Prof. Dr. Walter Thiel (Chairman of the Anatomic Institute
of the University of Graz) Foreword Anyone setting this book down
after an initial perusal must wonder why such a reference was not
available ten years ago. The meticulous and fas cinating
juxtaposition of gross anatomic sections with sonograms, together
with explanatory drawings and many practical guidelines, should
enable even the novice accurately to identify details and interpret
sonographic findings with precision."
Within the field of general medicine, the last two decades have
seen the curative procedures increasingly supplemented by func
tions that can be summed up under the heading of "preventive health
care." There is a close link between this development and the
changing morbidity pattern. In highly developed countries the
morbidity rate attributable to infectious diseases has been much
reduced, while the various types of arteriosclerosis, some tumorous
conditions, and so-called functional syndromes have attained
massive incidence rates. Systematic epidemiologic studies have
yielded the concept of risk factors, i. e., certain exogenous and
endogenous factors whose elimination, ideally, would make it
possible to avoid the manifestation of an illness or to ensure it
did not become mani fest until later in life or in a milder form.
The socioeconomic and sociomedical significance of these aspects is
considerable, as can be seen from all the statistics on the reasons
for incapacity and early retirement and on the relative
contributions of different ill nesses to total mortality. Effective
avoidance of illnesses by primary prophylaxis (elimi nation of the
causes of disease) or early detection of the symp toms of disease
(secondary prophylaxis) leading to early treat ment would be a
particularly significant step forward, since in the case of most of
the conditions mentioned above only pallia tive forms of treatment
are available, and none that have any cu rative effect."
This monograph by Professor Alexandridis continues the proud
tradition of German ophthalmology in its discussion of the pupil
and its importance in the diagnosis of ocular, neurologic, and
systemic diseases. The first encyclopedic work on the pupil was
written by Wilbrand and Saenger at the end of the 19th century.
This redoubtable pair of physicians collected, analyzed, and clas
sified all the material available at that time, bringing order into
the previous chaos. The second major work was the book by C. v.
Behr shortly after World War 1. At that time, syphilis had been
accurately diagnosed with the aid of serologic tests, and
pharmacologic effects on the pupil had become well known. The third
significant development was initiated before World War II by the
neurologist Otto Lowenstein, whose work was later brilliantly
continued by his pupil and niece Irene Lowenfeld. The introduction
of their clinically useful pupillograph made quantitative analysis
possible. There followed a number of important contributions to the
knowledge of pupillary physiology and pathology, espe cially by
Harms in Tiibingen and Thompson in Iowa City. But the next decisive
contribution is this monograph by Alexandridis."
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