Since the arrival of the first Tibetans in exile in 1959, a vast and continuous wave of international - especially Western - support has permitted these refugees to survive and even to flourish in their temporary places of residence. Today, these Tibetan refugees continue to attract assistance from Western governments, organizations and individuals, while other refugee populations are largely forgotten in the international agenda. This book shows and discusses how Tibetan refugees continue to attract resources, due, notably, to the dissemination of their political and religious agendas, as well as how a movement of Western supporters, born in very different conditions, guaranteed a unique relationship with these refugees.

Tibetan Subjectivities on the Global Stage: Negotiating Dispossession explores the many ways Tibetans are reimagining their cultural identity since the communist takeover of Tibet in the 1950s. Focusing on developments taking place in Tibet and the diaspora, this collection of essays addresses a wide range of issues at the heart of Tibetan modernity. From the political dynamics of the exiled community in India to the production of contemporary Tibetan literature in the PRC, the collection delves into various aspects of current significance for the Tibetan community worldwide such as the construction of Bon identity in exile, the strategic use of the discourse of development or the issue of cultural and linguistic purity in an increasingly hybrid and globalized world. Moving away from the preservationist paradigm that regards Tibetan culture as an endangered and precious object, the essays in this book portray Tibetan identities in motion, as lived subjectivities that travel, change and creatively reimagine themselves on various global stages. Even if recent Tibetan history is marked by imposed transitions and a sense of dispossession, this collection highlights the ways Tibetans have not only managed traumatic historical events but also become agents of change and reinventors of their own traditions.

Since the arrival of the first Tibetans in exile in 1959, a vast and continuous wave of international - especially Western - support has permitted these refugees to survive and even to flourish in their temporary places of residence. Today, these Tibetan refugees continue to attract assistance from Western governments, organizations and individuals, while other refugee populations are largely forgotten in the international agenda. This book shows and discusses how Tibetan refugees continue to attract resources, due, notably, to the dissemination of their political and religious agendas, as well as how a movement of Western supporters, born in very different conditions, guaranteed a unique relationship with these refugees.

2. Seitenkettencyclisierung an Heteroarenen liber HeteroK arin-Zwischenstufen 55 2.1 tiber 3,4-Dehydropyridin-Derivate 55 2.2 Versuche an Imidazol-Derivaten 59 2.3 Versuche an Pyrazol-Derivaten 62 3. Cycloadditionsreaktionen mit Arinen 64 68 Teil D: Literatur 69 -- 11:: _==1:1:11: - 3 - Teil A: Pollarene [1] ===-===== 1. Einleitung Aromatische Ringsysteme konnen, wie die in der Literatur beschriebenen Verbindungen 2 [2] und [3] zeigen, uber Einfachbindungen zu langeren Ketten oder Makrocyclen ver= knupft seine Fur Verbindungen des Typs 2 und 2 haben wir die allgemeinen Bezeichnungen Polyarene [4] bzw. Cyclo: polyarene [5] vorgeschlagen, da die IUPAC-Nomenklatur (Regel A-51 [6]) nur die ganz unspezifische und fur zu. sammengesetzte Namen ungunstige allgemeine Bezeichnung "Ringensembles" (angelsachsisch: ring assemblies) an .. bietct (vgl. 2.). 2 Fur die Synthese von Polyarenen und Cyclopolyarenen gibt es zwei grundsatzlich verschiedene Verfahren, namlich a) Ringverknupfende Synthesen b) Ringbildende Synthesen In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden ausschliefilich Synthesen des ersten Typs beschrieben. Ringbildende Polyaren-Synthe= sen - die formulierte Synthese von 2 ist ein Beispiel [7] - haben in letzter Zeit in der makromolekularen Chemie ("Ringbildende Polymerisationen" [8]) Bedeutung erlangt, da so zugangliche Polymere hohe thermische Stabilitat be: sitzen. fl T - - 4 - Als Methode fur die Verknupfung aromatischer Systeme zu Polyarenen stand bis vor kurzem die Ullmann-Reaktion [9], die Umsetzung von Organolithiumverbindungen (oder Organo:: magnesiumhalogeniden) mit Kupferhalogeniden (oxidative Kupplung) [10] sowie die Kupplung von Arylkupferverbindun gen mit Arylhalogeniden [11] im Vordergrund. Eine gewisse Bedeutung erlangte auch die Dimroth-Reaktion [12].