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Since the arrival of the first Tibetans in exile in 1959, a vast
and continuous wave of international - especially Western - support
has permitted these refugees to survive and even to flourish in
their temporary places of residence. Today, these Tibetan refugees
continue to attract assistance from Western governments,
organizations and individuals, while other refugee populations are
largely forgotten in the international agenda. This book shows and
discusses how Tibetan refugees continue to attract resources, due,
notably, to the dissemination of their political and religious
agendas, as well as how a movement of Western supporters, born in
very different conditions, guaranteed a unique relationship with
these refugees.
Tibetan Subjectivities on the Global Stage: Negotiating
Dispossession explores the many ways Tibetans are reimagining their
cultural identity since the communist takeover of Tibet in the
1950s. Focusing on developments taking place in Tibet and the
diaspora, this collection of essays addresses a wide range of
issues at the heart of Tibetan modernity. From the political
dynamics of the exiled community in India to the production of
contemporary Tibetan literature in the PRC, the collection delves
into various aspects of current significance for the Tibetan
community worldwide such as the construction of Bon identity in
exile, the strategic use of the discourse of development or the
issue of cultural and linguistic purity in an increasingly hybrid
and globalized world. Moving away from the preservationist paradigm
that regards Tibetan culture as an endangered and precious object,
the essays in this book portray Tibetan identities in motion, as
lived subjectivities that travel, change and creatively reimagine
themselves on various global stages. Even if recent Tibetan history
is marked by imposed transitions and a sense of dispossession, this
collection highlights the ways Tibetans have not only managed
traumatic historical events but also become agents of change and
reinventors of their own traditions.
Since the arrival of the first Tibetans in exile in 1959, a vast
and continuous wave of international - especially Western - support
has permitted these refugees to survive and even to flourish in
their temporary places of residence. Today, these Tibetan refugees
continue to attract assistance from Western governments,
organizations and individuals, while other refugee populations are
largely forgotten in the international agenda. This book shows and
discusses how Tibetan refugees continue to attract resources, due,
notably, to the dissemination of their political and religious
agendas, as well as how a movement of Western supporters, born in
very different conditions, guaranteed a unique relationship with
these refugees.
2. Seitenkettencyclisierung an Heteroarenen liber HeteroK
arin-Zwischenstufen 55 2.1 tiber 3,4-Dehydropyridin-Derivate 55 2.2
Versuche an Imidazol-Derivaten 59 2.3 Versuche an Pyrazol-Derivaten
62 3. Cycloadditionsreaktionen mit Arinen 64 68 Teil D: Literatur
69 -- 11:: _==1:1:11: - 3 - Teil A: Pollarene [1] ===-===== 1.
Einleitung Aromatische Ringsysteme konnen, wie die in der Literatur
beschriebenen Verbindungen 2 [2] und [3] zeigen, uber
Einfachbindungen zu langeren Ketten oder Makrocyclen ver= knupft
seine Fur Verbindungen des Typs 2 und 2 haben wir die allgemeinen
Bezeichnungen Polyarene [4] bzw. Cyclo: polyarene [5]
vorgeschlagen, da die IUPAC-Nomenklatur (Regel A-51 [6]) nur die
ganz unspezifische und fur zu. sammengesetzte Namen ungunstige
allgemeine Bezeichnung "Ringensembles" (angelsachsisch: ring
assemblies) an .. bietct (vgl. 2.). 2 Fur die Synthese von
Polyarenen und Cyclopolyarenen gibt es zwei grundsatzlich
verschiedene Verfahren, namlich a) Ringverknupfende Synthesen b)
Ringbildende Synthesen In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden
ausschliefilich Synthesen des ersten Typs beschrieben. Ringbildende
Polyaren-Synthe= sen - die formulierte Synthese von 2 ist ein
Beispiel [7] - haben in letzter Zeit in der makromolekularen Chemie
("Ringbildende Polymerisationen" [8]) Bedeutung erlangt, da so
zugangliche Polymere hohe thermische Stabilitat be: sitzen. fl T -
- 4 - Als Methode fur die Verknupfung aromatischer Systeme zu
Polyarenen stand bis vor kurzem die Ullmann-Reaktion [9], die
Umsetzung von Organolithiumverbindungen (oder Organo::
magnesiumhalogeniden) mit Kupferhalogeniden (oxidative Kupplung)
[10] sowie die Kupplung von Arylkupferverbindun gen mit
Arylhalogeniden [11] im Vordergrund. Eine gewisse Bedeutung
erlangte auch die Dimroth-Reaktion [12].
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