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This volume is the first of four publications that will present the
research on technology and employment carried out by Conservation
of Human Resources of Columbia University over the past several
years. This research was started with a small grant from the
Rockefeller Foundation in 1982.
In this book fourteen large metropolitan economies are examined to
show how industrial composition and jobs have changed in central
cities and suburbs since 1970. Driven by the shift in emphasis from
goods toward services, both central cities and suburbs have
undergone dramatic changes. The analysis shows that many large
central cities have experienced wrenching transformations as a
result of low growth or declines in employment and population.
However, these cities have continued to be the focal point of
economic activity within the metropolis, becoming more narrowly
specialized in high-level services, which have yielded higher
average earnings. These cities are becoming increasingly dependent
on commuting suburbanites for their experienced and educated labor
force. In the suburbs, the cumulative effect of continuous growth
since World War II has brought a different sort of transformation.
The composition of employment has broadened, with sharp increases
in commuting from areas outside the suburbs. Major new centers of
business, consumer, and social services have developed, giving rise
to agglomeration economies and posing new challenges to the social
and economic structure of the central city. The book also examines
employment opportunities in central cities and in suburbs with
special emphasis on jobs for blacks, women, and young workers.
Analysis reveals the increasing importance of educational
qualifications and the role of part-time work and focuses on the
problems central city blacks face in gaining employment. The
prospects for city dwellers seeking suburban jobs are often limited
by housing and transportation restrictions. The book closes with a
critical review of suggested policy alternatives that might
increase access to employment for these workers.
This volume is the first of four publications that will present the
research on technology and employment carried out by Conservation
of Human Resources of Columbia University over the past several
years. This research was started with a small grant from the
Rockefeller Foundation in 1982.
In this book fourteen large metropolitan economies are examined to
show how industrial composition and jobs have changed in central
cities and suburbs since 1970. Driven by the shift in emphasis from
goods toward services, both central cities and suburbs have
undergone dramatic changes. The analysis shows that many large
central cities have experienced wrenching transformations as a
result of low growth or declines in employment and population.
However, these cities have continued to be the focal point of
economic activity within the metropolis, becoming more narrowly
specialized in high-level services, which have yielded higher
average earnings. These cities are becoming increasingly dependent
on commuting suburbanites for their experienced and educated labor
force. In the suburbs, the cumulative effect of continuous growth
since World War II has brought a different sort of transformation.
The composition of employment has broadened, with sharp increases
in commuting from areas outside the suburbs. Major new centers of
business, consumer, and social services have developed, giving rise
to agglomeration economies and posing new challenges to the social
and economic structure of the central city. The book also examines
employment opportunities in central cities and in suburbs with
special emphasis on jobs for blacks, women, and young workers.
Analysis reveals the increasing importance of educational
qualifications and the role of part-time work and focuses on the
problems central city blacks face in gaining employment. The
prospects for city dwellers seeking suburban jobs are often limited
by housing and transportation restrictions. The book closes with a
critical review of suggested policy alternatives that might
increase access to employment for these workers.
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