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Have probes of extraterrestrial origin conducted surveillance
missions in Earth's atmosphere? James McDonald, co-founder of the
Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Arizona, one
of the twentieth century's leading atmospheric physicists,
presented strong evidence for this hypothesis at the annual meeting
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in
December 1969. Yet, remarkably, McDonald's important conjecture has
all but disappeared from the purview of scientists today. That's
likely to soon change, former Science Museum (London) curator Tom
Willamson argues in this book. The reason is simple: a large chunk
of science supporting McDonald's idea, much of it carried out in
the former Soviet Union and later Russia and Ukraine during the
1980s and 1990s, had gone missing. Now, thanks to the wonders of
Google Translate, Williamson has been able to put together in this
book a provisional, alien-free (and UFOlogy-free) account of that
missing science.
Norfolk is a county sadly rich in "lost" country houses; this
account and gazetteer offer a comprehensive account of them. Winner
of the general non-fiction category in the East Anglian Book Awards
2016. The country houses lost from the landscape since the late
nineteenth century exercise a peculiar grip on the English
imagination, seeming to symbolise the passing of a world of taste
and elegance, of stability and deference: a world destroyed by
modernity. This important new book argues that most previous
studies of the subject have been characterised by nostalgia and
vagueness, and by a tendency to exaggerate the scale of the
destruction and simplify its causes. It presents a balanced,
systematic analysis of country house losses in Norfolk, discussing
the scale and chronology of destruction. The authors argue that the
loss of great houses was not an entirely new development of the
twentieth century, they explain the varied reasons why houses were
abandoned and destroyed, and they explore the archaeological traces
which these places, their gardens and parks, have left in the
modern landscape. Their arguments are illuminated by a full and
lavishly-illustrated gazetteer. This book, the results of many
years of fieldwork and documentary research, will be essential
reading for all those interested in the history of the country
house, in the development of the post-medieval landscape, and in
the archaeology and history of the county of Norfolk. Tom
Williamson is Professor of Landscape History at the University of
East Anglia; Ivan Ringwood is an independent historical researcher;
Sarah Spooner is Lecturer in Landscape History at the University of
East Anglia.
This book provides the most comprehensive and authoritative book
yet published on the subject of criminal investigation, a rapidly
developing area within the police and other law enforcement
agencies, and an important sub discipline within police studies.
The subject is rarely out of the headlines, and there is widespread
media interest in criminal investigation. Within the police rapid
strides are being made in the direction of professionalizing the
criminal investigation process, and it has been a particular focus
as a means of improving police performance. A number of important
reports have been published in the last few years, highlighting the
importance of the criminal investigation process not only to the
work of the police but to public confidence in this. Each of these
reports has identified shortcomings in the way criminal
investigations have been conducted, and has made recommendations
for improvement . The Handbook of Criminal Investigation provides a
rigorous and critical approach to not only the process of criminal
investigation, but also the context in which this takes place, the
theory underlying it, and the variety of factors which influence
approaches to it. It will be an indispensable source of reference
for anybody with an interest in, and needing to know about,
criminal investigation. Contributors to the book are drawn from
both practitioners in the field and academics.
Although the history of orchards and fruit varieties is of great
popular interest, there have been few academic treatments of the
subject. This book presents results from a three-year project,
'Orchards East', investigating the history and ecology of orchards
in the east of England. Together, the eastern counties of
Hertfordshire, Essex, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire,
Bedfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk have a tradition of fruit
cultivation comparable in scale to that of the better-known west of
England. Drawing on far-reaching archival research, an extensive
survey of surviving orchards and biodiversity surveys, the authors
tell the fascinating story of orchards in the east since the late
Middle Ages. Orchards were ubiquitous features of the medieval and
early modern landscape. Planted for the most part for practical
reasons, they were also appreciated for their aesthetic qualities.
By the seventeenth century some districts had begun to specialise
in fruit production - most notably west Hertfordshire and the Fens
around Wisbech. But it was only in the 'orchard century', beginning
in the 1850s, that commercial production really took off, fuelled
by the growth of large urban markets and new transport systems that
could take the fruit to them with relative ease. By the 1960s
orchards were extensive in many districts but, since then, they
have largely disappeared, with significant impacts on landscape
character and biodiversity. For well over a century now, orchards
have been romanticised as nostalgic elements of a timeless yet
disappearing rural world. Even before that, they were embedded in
myths of lost Edens, or golden ages of effortless plenty. A key aim
of this book is to challenge some of these myths by grounding
orchards within a wider range of historical and environmental
contexts. Orchards are not timeless, and in some ways our
relationship with orchards is a classic example of the 'invention
of tradition'. What do our attitudes to this aspect of our heritage
tell us about our wider engagement with the past, with nature, and
with place?
This book examines international developments in investigative
interviewing. It analyses the cases and other factors leading to
the paradigm shift in a number of countries, it considers issues
that are of current interest to practitioners and academics
including the continuing calls for the use of torture, whether it
is possible to detect deception and the contribution of
investigative interviewing methods to concepts of therapeutic and
restorative justice. The book responds to the recognition that
there are currently no international human rights instruments that
relate specifically to custodial questioning, whilst also offering
a critical analysis of the attempts to influence investigator and
prosecutor behaviour by recourse to human rights. This book will be
essential reading for practitioners designing and delivering
investigative interviewing training programmes as well as academics
and students studying international criminal justice.
This book provides the most comprehensive and authoritative book
yet published on the subject of criminal investigation, a rapidly
developing area within the police and other law enforcement
agencies, and an important sub discipline within police studies.
The subject is rarely out of the headlines, and there is widespread
media interest in criminal investigation. Within the police rapid
strides are being made in the direction of professionalizing the
criminal investigation process, and it has been a particular focus
as a means of improving police performance. A number of important
reports have been published in the last few years, highlighting the
importance of the criminal investigation process not only to the
work of the police but to public confidence in this. Each of these
reports has identified shortcomings in the way criminal
investigations have been conducted, and has made recommendations
for improvement . The Handbook of Criminal Investigation provides a
rigorous and critical approach to not only the process of criminal
investigation, but also the context in which this takes place, the
theory underlying it, and the variety of factors which influence
approaches to it. It will be an indispensable source of reference
for anybody with an interest in, and needing to know about,
criminal investigation. Contributors to the book are drawn from
both practitioners in the field and academics.
Old orchards have an irresistible appeal. Their ancient trees and
obscure fruit varieties seem to provide a direct link with the lost
rural world of our ancestors, a time when the pace of life was
slower and people had a strong and intimate connection with their
local environment. They are also of critical importance for
sustaining biodiversity, providing habitats, in particular, for a
range of rare invertebrates. Not surprisingly, orchards and the
fruit they contain have attracted an increasing amount of attention
over the last few decades, from both enthusiastic bands of amateurs
and official conservation bodies. But much of what has been written
about them is historically vague, romanticised and nostalgic.
Orchards have become a symbol of unspoilt, picturesque rural
England. This book attempts, for the first time, to provide a
comprehensive review of the development of orchards in England from
the Middle Ages to the present day. It describes the various
different kinds of orchard and explains how, and when, they
appeared in the landscape – and why they have disappeared, at a
catastrophic rate, over the last six decades. Chapters discuss the
contrasting histories of fruit growing in different regions of
England, the complex story of ‘traditional’ fruit varieties and
the role of orchards in wildlife conservation. In addition, a
chapter on researching orchards provides a practical guide for
those wishing to investigate the history and archaeology of
particular examples.
This book reviews the position of investigative interviewing in a
variety of different countries, with different types of criminal
justice systems, and consists of chapters written by leading
authorities in the field, both academics and practitioners. A wide
range of often controversial questions are addressed, including
issues raised by the treatment of detainees at Guantanamo Bay, The
Reid model for interviewing and miscarriages of justice, and the
role of legislation in preventing bad practice. Observations are
made in the effectiveness of ethical interviewing, investigative
interviewing and human rights, responses to miscarriages of
justice, and the likely future of investigative interviewing. The
book also makes comparisons between British and American approaches
to detention without trial, and the role of confession evidence
within adversarial legal systems. It also develops a set of
proposals to minimize the risks of miscarriages of justice,
irrespective of jurisdiction.
The objective of this book is to review the position of
investigative interviewing in a variety of different countries,
with different types of criminal justice systems, and consists of
chapters written by leading authorities in the field, both
academics and practitioners. A wide range of often controversial
questions are addressed, including issues raised by the treatment
of detainees at Guantanamo Bay, The Reid model for interviewing and
miscarriages of justice, the role of legislation in preventing bad
practice, the effectiveness of ethical interviewing, investigative
interviewing and human rights, responses to miscarriages of
justice, and the likely future of investigative interviewing. The
book also makes comparisons between British and American approaches
to detention without trial, and the role of confession evidence
within adversarial legal systems. It also develops a set of
proposals to minimise the risks of miscarriages of justice,
irrespective of jurisdiction.
The origins of England's regional cultures are here shown to be
strongly influenced by the natural environment and geographical
features. The Anglo-Saxon period was crucial in the development of
England's character: its language, and much of its landscape and
culture, were forged in the period between the fifth and the
eleventh centuries. Historians and archaeologists have long been
fascinated by its regional variations, by the way in which
different parts of the country displayed marked differences in
social structures, settlement patterns, and field systems. In this
controversial and wide-ranging study, the author argues that such
differences were largely a consequence of environmental factors: of
the influence of climate, soils and hydrology, and of the patterns
of contact and communication engendered by natural topography. He
also suggests that such environmental influences have been
neglected over recent decades by generations of scholars who are
embedded in an urban culture and largely divorced from the natural
world; and that an appreciation of the fundamental role of physical
geography in shaping human affairs can throw much new light on a
number of important debates about early medieval society. The book
will be essential reading for all those interestedin the character
of the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian settlements, in early medieval
social and territorial organization, and in the origins of the
England's medieval landscapes. Tom Williamson is Professor of
LandscapeHistory, University of East Anglia; he has written widely
on landscape archaeology, agricultural history, and the history of
landscape design.
This book examines international developments in investigative
interviewing. It analyses the cases and other factors leading to
the paradigm shift in a number of countries, it considers issues
that are of current interest to practitioners and academics
including the continuing calls for the use of torture, whether it
is possible to detect deception and the contribution of
investigative interviewing methods to concepts of therapeutic and
restorative justice. The book responds to the recognition that
there are currently no international human rights instruments that
relate specifically to custodial questioning, whilst also offering
a critical analysis of the attempts to influence investigator and
prosecutor behaviour by recourse to human rights. This book will be
essential reading for practitioners designing and delivering
investigative interviewing training programmes as well as academics
and students studying international criminal justice.
Ancient Trees in the Landscape is the outcome of many years
research into the history of trees in Norfolk, and represents the
first detailed, published account of the ancient and traditionally
managed trees of any English county. Yet it is far more than a
regional survey. It is an exploration of how trees can be studied
as part of the landscape. It discusses how accurately trees can be
dated; explains why old trees are found in certain contexts and not
in others; discusses traditional management practices and how these
changed over time; and looks at the various ways in which trees
have been used in parks and gardens. Above all, it considers how
trees were regarded by people in the past, and how this has
affected their survival to the present. Ancient Trees in the
Landscape is a fascinating and original study which sets out a new
agenda in landscape history. It will be essential reading for
countryside managers and conservationists, and for all those
interested in landscape history, arboriculture, and the history of
the English countryside.
The origins of England's regional cultures are here shown to be
strongly influenced by the natural environment and geographical
features. The Anglo-Saxon period was crucial in the development of
England's character: its language, and much of its landscape and
culture, were forged in the period between the fifth and the
eleventh centuries. Historians and archaeologists have long been
fascinated by its regional variations, by the way in which
different parts of the country displayed marked differences in
social structures, settlement patterns, and field systems. In this
controversial and wide-ranging study, the author argues that such
differences were largely a consequence of environmental factors: of
the influence of climate, soils and hydrology, and of the patterns
of contact and communication engendered by natural topography. He
also suggests that such environmental influences have been
neglected over recent decades by generations of scholars who are
embedded in an urban culture and largely divorced from the natural
world; and that an appreciation of the fundamental role of physical
geography in shaping human affairs can throw much new light on a
number of important debates about early medieval society. The book
will be essential reading for all those interestedin the character
of the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian settlements, in early medieval
social and territorial organization, and in the origins of the
England's medieval landscapes. Tom Williamson is Professor of
LandscapeHistory, University of East Anglia; he has written widely
on landscape archaeology, agricultural history, and the history of
landscape design.
Dividing the county of Hertfordshire into four broad regions-the
"champion" countryside in the north, the Chiltern dip slope to the
west, the fertile boulder clays of the east, and the unwelcoming
London Clay in the south-this volume explains how, in the course of
the middle ages, natural characteristics influenced the development
of land use and settlement to create a range of distinctive
landscapes. The great diversity of Hertfordshire's landscapes makes
it a particularly rewarding area of study. Variations in farming
economies, in patterns of trade and communication, as well as in
the extent of London's influence, have all played a part during the
course of the postmedieval centuries, and Hertfordshire's
continuing evolution is followed into the 21st century. Lavishly
illustrated with maps and photographs, this authoritative work is
invaluable reading for all those with an interest in the history,
archaeology, and natural transformation of this fascinating county.
This is the first book to study in detail the making of the rural
English landscape in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. For
decades historians have debated the nature, timing and even the
existence of the 'agricultural revolution'. This book approaches
the debate from a new direction: that of landscape archaeology. It
argues that there was not one 'agricultural revolution' but many.
The enclosure of open fields and the reclamation of heath and
downland - spearheaded by aristocratic improvers and large
capitalist farmers - mesmerised contemporaries. But most enclosures
had little to do with the improvement of arable farming, large
landowners played a minor role and the really revolutionary changes
took place elsewhere, in parts of England which were not
characterised by large estates, and were the work of tenant farmers
rather than landowners.
There is currently much concern about our trees and woodlands. The
terrible toll taken by Dutch elm disease has been followed by a
string of further epidemics, most worryingly ash chalara - and
there are more threats on the horizon. There is also a widely
shared belief that our woods have been steadily disappearing over
recent decades, either replanted with alien conifers or destroyed
entirely in order to make way for farmland or development. But the
present state of our trees needs to be examined critically, and
from an historical as much as from a scientific perspective. For
English tree populations have long been highly unnatural in
character, shaped by economic and social as much as by
environmental factors. In reality, the recent history of trees and
woods in England is more complex and less negative than we often
assume and any narrative of decline and loss is overly simplistic.
The numbers of trees and the extent and character of woodland have
been in a state of flux for centuries. Research leaves no doubt,
moreover, that arboreal ill health is nothing new. Levels of
disease are certainly increasing but this is as much a consequence
of changes in the way we treat trees - especially the decline in
intensive management which has occurred over the last century and a
half - as it is of the arrival of new diseases. And man, not
nature, has shaped the essential character of rural tree
populations, ensuring their dominance by just a few indigenous
species and thus rendering them peculiarly vulnerable to invasive
pests and diseases. The messages from history are clear: we can and
should plant our landscape with a wider palette, providing greater
resilience in the face of future pathogens; and the most
`unnatural' and rigorously managed tree populations are also the
healthiest. The results of an ambitious research project are here
shaped into a richly detailed survey of English arboriculture over
the last four centuries. Trees in England will be essential reading
not only for landscape historians but also for natural scientists,
foresters and all those interested in the future of the
countryside. Only by understanding the essentially human history of
our trees and woods can we hope to protect and enhance them.
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All Cheerleaders Die (DVD)
Felisha Cooper, Brooke Butler, Sianoa Smit-McPhee, Reanin Johannink, Nicholas S. Morrison, …
1
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R142
Discovery Miles 1 420
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Out of stock
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Lucky McKee and Chris Sivertson direct this US comedy horror in
which a rebellious girl enlists as a cheerleader with unexpected
results. Maddy (Caitlin Stasey)'s instinctive dislike of
cheerleading is consolidated when her friend Alexis (Felisha
Cooper) dies during a cheerleading exercise. However, she feels
compelled to become a cheerleader herself in order to teach a
lesson to Alexis' ex-boyfriend Terry (Tom Williamson), who has
already begun dating another cheerleader. Events take a startling
turn when a fatal car crash and an ancient ritual add a
supernatural element to Maddy's plot. Will anyone be able to stop
the cheerleaders taking their revenge?
Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2014 While few detailed surveys
of fauna or flora exist in England from the period before the
nineteenth century, it is possible to combine the evidence of
historical sources (ranging from game books, diaries,
churchwardens' accounts and even folk songs) and our wider
knowledge of past land use and landscape, with contemporary
analyses made by modern natural scientists, in order to model the
situation at various times and places in the more remote past. This
timely volume encompasses both rural and urban environments from
1650 to the mid-twentieth century, drawing on a wide variety of
social, historical and ecological sources. It examines the impact
of social and economic organisation on the English landscape,
biodiversity, the agricultural revolution, landed estates, the
coming of large-scale industry and the growth of towns and suburbs.
It also develops an original perspective on the complexity and
ambiguity of man/animal relationships in this post-medieval period.
Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2014 While few detailed surveys
of fauna or flora exist in England from the period before the
nineteenth century, it is possible to combine the evidence of
historical sources (ranging from game books, diaries,
churchwardens' accounts and even folk songs) and our wider
knowledge of past land use and landscape, with contemporary
analyses made by modern natural scientists, in order to model the
situation at various times and places in the more remote past. This
timely volume encompasses both rural and urban environments from
1650 to the mid-twentieth century, drawing on a wide variety of
social, historical and ecological sources. It examines the impact
of social and economic organisation on the English landscape,
biodiversity, the agricultural revolution, landed estates, the
coming of large-scale industry and the growth of towns and suburbs.
It also develops an original perspective on the complexity and
ambiguity of man/animal relationships in this post-medieval period.
Humphry Repton (1752-1818) remains one of England's most
interesting and prolific garden and landscape designers. Renowned
for his innovative design proposals and distinctive
before-and-after images, captured in his famous "Red Books,"
Repton's astonishing career represents the link between the simple
parklands of his predecessor Capability Brown and the more
elaborate, structured, and formal landscapes of the Victorian age.
This lavishly illustrated book, based on a wealth of new research,
reinterprets Repton's life, working methods, and designs, and
examines why they proved so popular in a rapidly changing world.
This readable and substantial volume is comprised of two parts;
detailed chapters covering the history, context and interpretation
of the landscape park, and a gazetteer of all the parks examined.
Each entry gives the name, refernce and principal soil types for
the sites, with a summary of the history of their development.
Includes many useful plans and illustrations.
Lancelot 'Capability' Brown is often thought of as an innovative
genius who single-handedly pioneered a new, 'naturalistic' style of
landscape design. But he was only one of many landscape designers
in Georgian England, albeit the most commercially successful.
Published to tie in with the tercentenary of Brown's birth,
Lancelot Brown and the Capability Men casts important new light on
his world-renowned work, his eventful life and the business of
landscape design in Georgian England.There is no evidence that
Brown actually invented the style with which his name is now so
closely associated - it was simply the style of the times. He was
the head of a complex business that could supply clients with a
whole design 'package', which included new greenhouses, kitchen
gardens and land drainage schemes. This innovative book
investigates the nature and organization of Brown's business, and
draws insightful comparisons with similar providers of 'taste' such
as the Adam brothers, Thomas Chippendale and Josiah Wedgwood.
Illustrated with over 120 images, this beautiful book shows that
Brown's style, like the organization of his business, was the
product of a distinctly modern world.
2016 marks the 300th anniversary of Lancelot `Capability' Brown
with a national Capability Brown 300 celebration and festival. This
report attempts to highlight and understand the work of Brown and
his legacy and stimulates a wider discussion about future research
needs and opportunities. It contains a bibliographic list of works
of Lancelot Brown and a full Gazetteer of Brown's sites.
Oxbow says: For many years hedges have been the most common field
boundary in rural Britain, providing a stock-proof barrier, a field
boundary and a haven for wildlife. Despite this, they are rarely
studied in any detail in landscape archaeology. The authors of
Hedgerow History rightly argue that hedges, as an essential feature
of the landscape, their origins and development, are as worthy of
study as any other part of the landscape. Their book focuses on the
species content and diversity of hedges, how these came about and
how they changed over time. The introduction provides the
background to hedges in Britain, the development of field
boundaries, changes in fields and farming, especially the impact of
enclosure, hedgerow management, and methods of dating hedges. In an
attempt to evaluate the pioneering work of Hooper and Pollard in
the 1960s and 1970s, and gain insights into the diversity of hedges
and the possible human and animal reasons for it, Barnes and
Williamson carried out a detailed survey of hedgerows in Norfolk.
Finding 61 shrub species among the Norfolk hedgerows, they attempt
to tie this data in with evidence on geology, soils, climate,
woodland, enclosure, farming practices and historical factors, as
an indicator of the processes of continuity and change that have
taken place in the wider landscape.
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