What are emotions? How do they arise? How do they relate to other mental and bodily states? And what is their specific structure? The book discusses these questions, focusing on medieval and early modern theories. It looks at a great number of authors, ranging from Aquinas to Spinoza, and shows that they gave sophisticated accounts of human emotions. They were particularly interested in the way we cope with our emotions: how we can change or perhaps even overcome them? To answer this question, medieval and early modern philosophers looked at the cognitive content of emotions, for they were all convinced that we need to work on that content if we want to change them. The book therefore pays particular attention to the intimate relationship between theories of emotions and theories of cognition. Moreover, the book emphasizes the importance of the metaphysical framework for medieval and early modern theories of emotions. It was a transformation of this framework that made new theories possible. Starting with an analysis of the Aristotelian framework, the book then looks at skeptical, dualist and monist frameworks, and it examines how the nature of emotions was explained in each of them. The discussion also takes the theological and scientific context into account, for changes in this context quite often gave rise to new problems - problems that concerned the love of God, the joy of resurrected souls, or the fear arising in a soul that is present in a body. All of these problems are examined on the basis of close textual analysis.

Navid Kermani is not only one of Germany's most distinguished writers and public intellectuals, he is also an outstanding public speaker who mesmerizes audiences with his well-crafted sentences and turns of phrase. Whether he is speaking about the plight of refugees or delivering a eulogy at his father's graveside, Kermani finds words that surprise his listeners, enlighten them, provoke them, disturb them or move them to tears. As a German of Iranian descent whose parents settled in Germany, Kermani is particularly sensitive to the issues raised by migration and the perceived tensions between Islam and the West. His speeches are a powerful demonstration of how much we stand to gain by adhering to the values of openness, tolerance and mutual respect for the beliefs and practices of those from other cultures who live among us.

The new edition of this classic O'Reilly reference provides clear, detailed explanations of every feature in the C language and runtime library, including multithreading, type-generic macros, and library functions that are new in the 2011 C standard (C11). If you want to understand the effects of an unfamiliar function, and how the standard library requires it to behave, you'll find it here, along with a typical example. Ideal for experienced C and C++ programmers, this book also includes popular tools in the GNU software collection. You'll learn how to build C programs with GNU Make, compile executable programs from C source code, and test and debug your programs with the GNU debugger. In three sections, this authoritative book covers: C language concepts and language elements, with separate chapters on types, statements, pointers, memory management, I/O, and more The C standard library, including an overview of standard headers and a detailed function reference Basic C programming tools in the GNU software collection, with instructions on how use them with the Eclipse IDE

‘When your grandpa was in hospital, he asked me one night to promise him that, when he had gone from us, I would teach you Islam – our Islam: the Islam I grew up with … In that dark, impersonal room, he was thinking of you.’ This is why one father began to teach his daughter night after night not only about his own religion, but about that which unites all believers, about God and death, about love and the infinity that surrounds us. This highly personal book is not only a magical literary masterpiece, but also a rich resource of knowledge, and this because Navid Kermani dares to venture into the darkness in order to give expression to our confusion. And because his way of talking, his openness, his knowledge which derives from his immersion in two cultures, are so unique, so light and so deep.

The stories in this book reflect the dedication of the B-17 crews fighting a losing battle in 1943 and early 1944. The politicians and military leaders soon realized that to gain air superiority it would simply be a battle of attrition. The missions to bomb the German industrial targets were dreaded by the crews. After only a few missions there were more replacement crews than original flyers on base. It was obvious to all the flyers that they were not going to make their twenty-five missions and get a free ticket home. Unknown to the rookie crews were thousands of flak guns awaiting the B-17s march into German airspace. There they would also face the deadly German fighter Gruppes intent on destroying any enemy airplane flying over the Fatherland. The Focke Wulfe and Messerschmitt fighters were piloted by scores and scores of aces. The young Germans who mentored the experienced pilots were extremely aggressive, desiring a victory over a B-17. The unfortunate crewmembers of a B-17 were those who were hit by flak or their bomb load was struck by flak. Additionally, there was always the possibility of being hit by the exploding shells from an attacking fighter. After bailing out of a burning Fortress the lucky flyers made it to prison camp to spend the rest of the war trying to survive on the meager rations their captors provided. In 1999 a search for two MIA B-17 crewmembers was initiated. The search uncovered a number of lost Flying Fortresses and crews that were shot down doggedly fighting to deliver their bomb loads. Meeting relatives of the lost flyers was motivation to continue the search for my Uncle and his pilot. Fortunately, personal interviews, old documents, and letters, along with directions from WWII researchers led to the location of the crash site. Writing of dozens of letters to politicians and the Joint Prisoner of War, Missing in Action Accounting Command (JPAC) led to a promise by the Department of Defense to lift the wreck and return the flyer's remains to their families.