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Medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) are high-value crops since the
natural products obtained from them are low-volume high-value
commodities that have numerous applications in various sectors such
as the food, beverage, food supplement, flavor and fragrance,
perfumery and cosmetics, pharmaceutical and aromatherapy
industries. In addition, the plant biomass is used in the
production of teas and medical applications in traditional and also
modern medicines. MACs are important mainly because they contain
plant secondary metabolites such as essential oils, alkaloids,
glygosides, saponins, tannins, vitamins and other bioactives. Plant
secondary metabolites are differentiated from plant primary
metabolites of photosynthesis and respiration since they are
directly involved in growth and development of plants. Some
MACs are used as spices and culinary herbs since they contain
mainly essential oils, and are used as tonic to the digestive
system, appetite modification and other systems and may facilitate
nutrient uptake and utilization from various foods. A significant
amount of MACs and their natural products have also demonstrated
antimicrobial, antifungal and bactericidal activity and significant
antioxidant capacity. In the past, MACs and their natural products
have been used as a source for various medicines, in food and
beverage production and in aroma products. Essentials of Medicinal
and Aromatic Crops summarizes the current knowledge on
medicinal and aromatic crops, including the agronomical practices
of important MACs and their products, their beneficial effects and
utilization of MAP and their products. The chapters
provide a comprehensive guide to the most important and
used medicinal and aromatic crops and their use
in functional foods, nutraceuticals and as bioactives against
various ailments, providing researchers, teachers, chemists,
food scientists, agronomists and agroecologists in academia,
industry and government a fully up to date singular source on this
important topic.Â
The antioxidant potential of Skimmia anquetilia and Dicliptera
bupleuroides methanolic extracts and fractions was evaluated using
the eight multidimensional methods. The accrue data presenting
that; TEAC and FRAP Value vary from 6.09-1.65mM, 7.04-2.03 for S.
anquetilia and 3.5-0.4, 3.8-1.8 respectively for D. bupleuroides.
Phenolic content of S. anquetilia ranged from 3.04-0.4 gallic acid
(mg/L) and 1.5-0.44 gallic acid (mg/L) for D. bupleuroides. S.
anquetilia and D. bupleuroides Aqueous and organic soluble fraction
were rich of flavinoids which was range from 1712.7-249.1 mg
catchecin eq. and 885.4-107.2 mg catchecin eq respectively. Total
antioxidant activity by phosphomolybdenum method was determined for
various fraction of S. anquetilia and D. bupleuroides ranged from
0.555-0.09 and 0.42-0.17 respectively. The percentage of superoxide
anion radical scavenging ranged from 99.5 to 4.96 for S. anquetilia
and 78.4 to 68 for D. bupleuroides. The percentage bound Iron in S.
anquetilia fraction was varying from 73.5 to 61.9 and 94.8-69.2 for
D. bupleuroides. The amass results of indicated that S. anquetilia
and D. bupleuroides is a rich source of natural antioxidants.
The emphasis on the theoretical study and simulation of the three
phase induction motor drives is certainly due to the fact of fatal
hazards associated with the high voltage and current signals
present in the three phase induction motor drives. Other important
feature is the cost of a full-scale drive system to test various
switching, control and protection strategies. Therefore, design
stage comes after a reasonable confidence and verification of the
drive circuit and control strategies through simulations. In this
work, a laboratory-scale low-voltage induction motor drive is
designed which operates at 24 volts, accompanying with the
simulations using Matlab and Simulink.
Design and implementation of fuzzy logic controller for mobile
robot navigation in unknown environments is presented. The task of
navigation is divided into three behaviors namely hurdle avoidance,
wall following and goal seeking. The outputs from these behaviors
are combined to generate collision free motion of robot amongst
obstacles in reaching the target. The controllers for these
behaviors are designed using Fuzzy Logic toolbox of MATLAB(r) and
their implementation is realized with readily available and
inexpensive AT89C52 microcontrollers. Finally, the robot with these
controllers is tested in indoor environments containing obstacles
with changing destination places and is found to reach the set
targets successfully which shows the validity of the designed
controllers in achieving the required task.
Different scandals around the globe during the past, in specific
during the last decade, have intrigued the stakeholders to question
the roles of both auditors and management. But most of the fingers
since then have been raised on the role of auditors, because it is
the auditors who are entrusted with the responsibility to detect
any errors or frauds in the financial reports of the client-firm.
Apart from this, the long-term auditor client relationship has been
the center of attention in most of the discussions and debates as
well. Numerous studies have been conducted by the academic
researchers, financial and professional analysts, regulatory
authorities and governing bodies, and in some cases by the auditors
and the firms as well regarding the effects of long-term
auditor-client relationship on audit quality, equity risk premium,
financial reports quality, audit pricing etc. These studies provide
us with different results, both with the positive and negative
associations and effects of long-term auditor-client relationship
on the basis of different factors and contexts. Therefore, we would
be studying this relationship in between auditors and SME clients.
The study focuses on introducing Computer Mediated Communication
(CMC) in distance education for effective English language teaching
programmes in Pakistan. The researcher designed and executed a
CMC-ELT Blended Model for the students enrolled in MA TEFL
Programme offered by Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad,
Pakistan. The researcher tried to find out the effectiveness of CMC
in terms of students' learning, interaction, access and cost. The
students were provided online support in their studies. Data was
collected through AIOU documents, questionnaires, tests, and
focused group discussions. The results of the study proved the
effectiveness of CMC in distance education.
SMEs serve as a backbone to keep an economy going and to boost it
up in times of difficult hours like recession, for example. They
are considered as the main source of modernization, innovation and
entrepreneurial spirit. Several companies irrespective of their
size are bound by the statutory rules of a particular country in
which they operate to prepare financial reports that conform to
specified set of accounting principles. There has been much ongoing
debate regarding the suitability of one set of accounting standards
in a country for all its operating enterprises, regardless of their
size. In July 2009 the International Accounting Standards Board
(IASB) published the International Financial Reporting Standard
(IFRS) for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs) which is intended
to be applied to the general purpose financial statements of
entities that do not have public accountability. The main theme of
our research is to examine the suitability difficulties and
problems faced by SMEs in Sweden towards adoption of IFRS for SMEs.
The analysis and results of this study would provide its readers
with practical feedback from the market regarding IFRS for SMEs.
Testing Challenges in Web Applications This thesis research focuses
specifically on testing challenges of Web-based application with
respect to interoperability and integration; further research in
this domain can be more beneficial for both academia and industry.
Industrial survey shows that most of the companies are doing
integration and interoperability testing manually. Though automated
testing tools are very beneficial and helpful to speed-up the
testing process but these are not being used to perform both
integration and interoperability testing. Therefore this book is
beneficial for the researchers and students who further wants the
research in this area.
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