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On the 40th anniversary of the Beresinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Theory (BKT), this informative volume looks back at some of the developments and achievements and varied physics applications which ensued from the beautiful BKT vortex-unbinding seminal idea. During the last four decades, BKT theory, which is undeniably one of the most important developments in condensed matter and theoretical physics of the second half of the twentieth century, has expanded widely. It has been used and extended from many different theoretical and experimental perspectives. New and unexpected features have been uncovered from the BKT theory. Since its inception, apart from applications in condensed matter physics, the theory has been actively applied in other branches of physics, such as high energy physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, statistical physics, nonlinear systems, etc. This makes the theory an indispensable topic for all who are involved in physics. An international team of experts, each of whom has left his mark on the developments of this remarkable theory and experimental applications, contribute both historical essays and more detailed current technical and experimental accounts to this volume. These articles highlight the new discoveries from the respective authors' perspectives. This unique volume celebrates the impact over four decades of the BKT theory on modern physics. In addition to the historical perspective provided by Kosterlitz and Thouless's overview, the volume provides a comprehensive description of experimental and theoretical applications and extensions of the BKT theory.
Geometry and topology have been a fascination in physics since the start of the 20th century. A leading example is Einstein's geometrical theory of gravity. At the beginning of the 1970s, topological ideas entered areas of condensed matter physics. These advances were driven by new seminal ideas resolving a serious contradiction between experiment and the standard interpretation of a rigorous mathematical theorem which led to the study of new exotic topological phases of matter. Topological defect driven phase transitions in thin, two dimensional films of superfluids, superconductors and crystals have provided great insight into the mechanism governing these topological phases present in those physical systems. Moreover, many of these topological properties remain 'protected' against disorder and topological distortion perturbations. An example of possible applications of such robustness to perturbations is in the search for encoding information in quantum computers, potentially providing the platform for fault-tolerant quantum computations.In the past four decades, the discovery of topological phases engendered great interest in condensed matter physics. It also attracted the attention of researchers working on quantum information, quantum materials and simulations, high energy physics and string theory. This unique volume contains articles written by some of the most prominent names in the field, including Nobel Laureate John Michael Kosterlitz and Professor Jorge V Jose. They originate from talks and discussions by leading experts at a recent workshop. They review previous works as well as addressing contemporary developments in the most pressing and important issues on various aspects of topological phases and topological phase transitions.
Esta obra ha sido preparada para servir a los productores, investigadores, estudiantes y publico en general que, es de su interes la cria, explotacion y manejo la produccion de cerdos. Diferentes experimentos complementan la indiscutible riqueza del texto. Con el objetivo de presentar diferentes estrategias sobre el manejo nutricional del cerdo; presentando estas estrategias por capitulos, asi como se presentan resultados del comportamiento productivo y la digestibilidad de los nutrientes que consume el cerdo. Todo lo anterior con miras a producir un cerdo mas eficiente en la utilizacion de sus nutrientes y contamine menos el medio ambiente que lo rodea, produciendo una mejor calidad de su carne y a un menor costo en tiempo y formase . Esta obra debe ayudar a clarificar muchas dudas sobre la produccion del cerdo moderno actual, y debe resultar muy util para los profesionales de la industria porcina.
En este trabajo se realizo un estudio sobre como cuantificar dos flavonoides comunes en los citricos, la hesperidina y la Naringina, con la finalidad de cuantificar la proporcion de dichos flavonoides en diferentes etapas de maduracion de los diferentes citricos seleccionados. De los metodos de cromatografia que existen para separar estos flavonoides, es la cromatografia de liquidos de alta resolucion (HPLC) la que se utilizo. Esta tecnica es util siempre y cuando el compuesto a analizar no sea volatil, y termicamente inestable. Las variables analizadas fueron diferentes citricos (naranja valencia, toronja roja, toronja rosa, toronja blanca y limon persa) asi como distintas partes de estos (jugo, pulpa y cascara). Otro factor que se considero fue el grado de madurez del citrico (Relacion Grados Brix sobre la acidez). En base a los resultados obtenidos, se encontraron concentraciones entre 100 y 150 ppm de Hesperidina en los distintos citricos analizados; no detectando Naringina en Naranja, Tangerina y limon. Sin embargo, en la toronja se obtuvieron concentraciones desde 200 hasta 4000 ppm de Naringina y 100 ppm de hesperidina."
El presente trabajo desarrolla un modelo econometrico para determinar la relacion que puede existir entre el precio del credito en el mercado bancario colombiano y la concentracion existente en el mismo, basado en la metodologia "Estructura-Conducta-Resultados" proveniente de trabajos de Organizacion Industrial aplicados al sector bancario. Se pretende establecer si la concentracion de la banca en el mercado de credito colombiano es un determinante de las tasas de interes. En el desarrollo se efectua una breve presentacion de antecedentes historicos en torno a algunas variables del mercado de credito y se efectuan algunas aproximaciones a la concentracion del mercado bancario en Colombia a traves de los indices de Herfindahl-Hirschman. Enseguida se plantea la hipotesis de trabajo y el modelo econometrico a usar decidiendo las variables mas relevantes de acuerdo a la teoria economica y los resultados estadisticos, se realizan las pruebas respectivas al modelo y se presentan de los resultados."
El tomate es uno de los frutos mas populares a nivel mundial generando una derrama economica considerable y una fuente importante de divisas y empleos. Sin embargo, la produccion y distribucion del fruto se ve limitada por su susceptibilidad a desarrollar un desorden fisiologico conocido como dano por frio, cuando se expone a temperaturas por debajo de la critica (12 C), pero superiores a la de congelacion, manifestandose con la aparicion de diversos sintomas que disminuyen su calidad. Se conoce poco acerca de las bases bioquimicas de esta sintomatologia por lo que en la presente publicacion se analiza el efecto del dano por frio sobre la calidad poscosecha de tomate ademas de identificar algunas proteinas relacionadas con este desorden fisiologico durante el almacenamiento y maduracion del fruto. Este estudio aporta informacion que facilitara un mejor entendimiento de los mecanismos involucrados en el dano por frio, y debe resultar muy util para los profesionales del area de investigacion agricola, tecnologos en alimentos y academicos o para quien se encuentre interesado en temas de manejo poscosecha."
Recent advances in the study of dynamical systems have revolutionized the way that classical mechanics is taught and understood. This new and comprehensive textbook provides a complete description of this fundamental branch of physics. The authors cover all the material that one would expect to find in a standard graduate course: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics, canonical transformations, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, perturbation methods, and rigid bodies. They also deal with more advanced topics such as the relativistic Kepler problem, Liouville and Darboux theorems, and inverse and chaotic scattering. A key feature of the book is the early introduction of geometric (differential manifold) ideas, as well as detailed treatment of topics in nonlinear dynamics (such as the KAM theorem) and continuum dynamics (including solitons). Over 200 homework exercises are included. It will be an ideal textbook for graduate students of physics, applied mathematics, theoretical chemistry, and engineering, as well as a useful reference for researchers in these fields. A solutions manual is available exclusively for instructors.
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