As computers continue to remain essential tools for the pursuit of physics, medicine, economics, social sciences, and more, supercomputers are proving that they can further extend and greatly enhance as-of-yet undiscovered knowledge and solve the world's most complex problems. As these instruments continue to lead to groundbreaking discoveries and breakthroughs, it is imperative that research remains up to date with the latest findings and uses. The Handbook of Research on Methodologies and Applications of Supercomputing is a comprehensive and critical reference book that provides research on the latest advances of control flow and dataflow supercomputing and highlights selected emerging big data applications needing high acceleration and/or low power. Consequently, this book advocates the need for hybrid computing, where the control flow part represents the host architecture and dataflow part represents the acceleration architecture. These issues cover the initial eight chapters. The remaining eight chapters cover selected modern applications that are best implemented on a hybrid computer, in which the transactional parts (serial code) are implemented on the control flow part and the loops (parallel code) on the dataflow part. These final eight chapters cover two major application domains: scientific computing and computing for digital economy. This book offers applications in marketing, medicine, energy systems, and library science, among others, and is an essential source for scientists, programmers, engineers, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in the latest findings and advancements in supercomputing.

This book presents an overview of a variety of contemporary statistical, mathematical and computer science techniques which are used to further the knowledge in the medical domain. The authors focus on applying data mining to the medical domain, including mining the sets of clinical data typically found in patient's medical records, image mining, medical mining, data mining and machine learning applied to generic genomic data and more. This work also introduces modeling behavior of cancer cells, multi-scale computational models and simulations of blood flow through vessels by using patient-specific models. The authors cover different imaging techniques used to generate patient-specific models. This is used in computational fluid dynamics software to analyze fluid flow. Case studies are provided at the end of each chapter. Professionals and researchers with quantitative backgrounds will find Computational Medicine in Data Mining and Modeling useful as a reference. Advanced-level students studying computer science, mathematics, statistics and biomedicine will also find this book valuable as a reference or secondary text book.

Design is an art form in which the designer selects from a myriad of alternatives to bring an "optimum" choice to a user. In many complex of "optimum" is difficult to define. Indeed, the users systems the notion themselves will not agree, so the "best" system is simply the one in which the designer and the user have a congruent viewpoint. Compounding the design problem are tradeoffs that span a variety of technologies and user requirements. The electronic business system is a classically complex system whose tradeoff criteria and user views are constantly changing with rapidly developing underlying technology. Professor Milutinovic has chosen this area for his capstone contribution to the computer systems design. This book completes his trilogy on design issue in computer systems. His first work, "Surviving the Design of a 200 MHz RISC Microprocessor" (1997) focused on the tradeoffs and design issues within a processor. His second work, "Surviving the Design of Microprocessor and Multiprocessor Systems" (2000) considers the design issues involved with assembling a number of processors into a coherent system. Finally, this book generalizes the system design problem to electronic commerce on the Internet, a global system of immense consequence.

This unique text/reference describes an exciting and novel approach to supercomputing in the DataFlow paradigm. The major advantages and applications of this approach are clearly described, and a detailed explanation of the programming model is provided using simple yet effective examples. The work is developed from a series of lecture courses taught by the authors in more than 40 universities across more than 20 countries, and from research carried out by Maxeler Technologies, Inc. Topics and features: presents a thorough introduction to DataFlow supercomputing for big data problems; reviews the latest research on the DataFlow architecture and its applications; introduces a new method for the rapid handling of real-world challenges involving large datasets; provides a case study on the use of the new approach to accelerate the Cooley-Tukey algorithm on a DataFlow machine; includes a step-by-step guide to the web-based integrated development environment WebIDE.

It is a general trend in computing that computers are becoming ever smaller and ever more interconnected. Sensor networks - large networks of small, simple devices - are a logical extreme of this trend. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are attracting an increasing degree of research interest, with a growing number of industrial applications starting to emerge. Two of these applications, personal health monitoring and emergency/disaster recovery, are the focus of the European Commission project ProSense: Promote, Mobilize, Reinforce and Integrate Wireless Sensor Networking Research and Researchers. This hands-on introduction to WSN systems development presents a broad coverage of topics in the field, contributed by researchers involved in the ProSense project. An emphasis is placed on the practical knowledge required for the successful implementation of WSNs. Divided into four parts, the first part covers basic issues of sensors, software, and position-based routing protocols. Part two focuses on multidisciplinary issues, including sensor network integration, mobility aspects, georouting, medical applications, and vehicular sensor networks. The remaining two parts present case studies and further applications. Topics and features: presents a broad overview of WSN technology, including an introduction to sensor and sensing technologies; contains an extensive section on case studies, providing details of the development of a number of WSN applications; discusses frameworks for WSN systems integration, through which WSN technology will become fundamental to the Future Internet concept; investigates real-world applications of WSN systems in medical and vehicular sensor networks; with a Foreword by the Nobel Laurate Professor Martin Perl of Stanford University. Providing holistic coverage of WSN technology, this text/reference will enable graduate students of computer science, electrical engineering and telecommunications to master the specific domains of this emerging area. The book will also be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in entering the field.

As a foreword, here we publish an email letter of Late Professor Herb Simon, Nobel Laureate, that he wrote on the occasion ofthe death of the fatherofa friend. This letterofcondolence, more than any other wisdom, tells about the essence of the process of scientific creation, which is so important for both, the specific subject being covered by this book, and for the general science. When asked to address an SSGRR conference in Italy, prior to his death, Professor Herb Simon agreed that these lines be presented to all those who are interested in understanding the real essence oftheir own scientific struggle. Dear Professor Milutinovic: I want to extend my deepest sympathy to you and your family on the death of your father. His career was a very distinguished one, and his life spanned a most complex and difficult sequence of epochs in your country's history. Our generation (I am just a year younger than he was), like all its predecessors, leaves many tasks - hopefully no more than it inherited - for the next generation to take up; but even knowing that it must be so does not remove one's senseofloss in the parting.

This unique text/reference describes an exciting and novel approach to supercomputing in the DataFlow paradigm. The major advantages and applications of this approach are clearly described, and a detailed explanation of the programming model is provided using simple yet effective examples. The work is developed from a series of lecture courses taught by the authors in more than 40 universities across more than 20 countries, and from research carried out by Maxeler Technologies, Inc. Topics and features: presents a thorough introduction to DataFlow supercomputing for big data problems; reviews the latest research on the DataFlow architecture and its applications; introduces a new method for the rapid handling of real-world challenges involving large datasets; provides a case study on the use of the new approach to accelerate the Cooley-Tukey algorithm on a DataFlow machine; includes a step-by-step guide to the web-based integrated development environment WebIDE.

This book presents an overview of a variety of contemporary statistical, mathematical and computer science techniques which are used to further the knowledge in the medical domain. The authors focus on applying data mining to the medical domain, including mining the sets of clinical data typically found in patient's medical records, image mining, medical mining, data mining and machine learning applied to generic genomic data and more. This work also introduces modeling behavior of cancer cells, multi-scale computational models and simulations of blood flow through vessels by using patient-specific models. The authors cover different imaging techniques used to generate patient-specific models. This is used in computational fluid dynamics software to analyze fluid flow. Case studies are provided at the end of each chapter. Professionals and researchers with quantitative backgrounds will find Computational Medicine in Data Mining and Modeling useful as a reference. Advanced-level students studying computer science, mathematics, statistics and biomedicine will also find this book valuable as a reference or secondary text book.

In this book, the authors describe how Mind Genomics works - a revolutionary marketing method that combines the three sciences of Mathematics, Psychology, and Economics - in a masterful way. Mind Genomics helps the seller of products and services to know what people are thinking about them before one ever commits to an approach by knowing what is important to the people one is trying to influence. Mind Genomics identifies what aspects of a general topic are important to the audience, how different people in the audience will respond to different aspects of that topic, and how to pinpoint the viewpoints of different audience segments to each aspect of the topic. A careful step by step approach explains what activities ought to be taken and what scenarios must be followed while applying this method in order to find the right way to capture the hearts and minds of targeted audiences. This book explains how Mind Genomics plays a matching game with one's potential audience and various ways one can present the products and ideas resulting in a systematic approach to influencing others, backed by real data; how one can play with ideas, see patterns imposed by the mind and create new, inductive, applied sciences of the mind, measuring the world using the mind of man as the yardstick. In details it describes how everyday thought is transferred into actionable data and results. Whether one is a senior marketer for a large corporation, a professor at a university, or administrator at a hospital, one could use Mind Genomics to learn how to transform available information into actionable steps that will increase the products sales, or increase the number of interested students for a new university program, or the number of satisfied patients in the hospital with their medical conditions kept at highest levels after leaving it. Mind Genomics was first introduced by Dr. Howard Moskowitz, an alumnus of Harvard University and the father of Horizontal Segmentation - a widely accepted business model for targeted marketing and profit maximization.

Since its first volume in 1960, Advances in Computers has presented detailed coverage of innovations in computer hardware, software, theory, design, and applications. It has also provided contributors with a medium in which they can explore their subjects in greater depth and breadth than journal articles usually allow. As a result, many articles have become standard references that continue to be of significant, lasting value in this rapidly expanding field.

Design is an art form in which the designer selects from a myriad of alternatives to bring an "optimum" choice to a user. In many complex of "optimum" is difficult to define. Indeed, the users systems the notion themselves will not agree, so the "best" system is simply the one in which the designer and the user have a congruent viewpoint. Compounding the design problem are tradeoffs that span a variety of technologies and user requirements. The electronic business system is a classically complex system whose tradeoff criteria and user views are constantly changing with rapidly developing underlying technology. Professor Milutinovic has chosen this area for his capstone contribution to the computer systems design. This book completes his trilogy on design issue in computer systems. His first work, "Surviving the Design of a 200 MHz RISC Microprocessor" (1997) focused on the tradeoffs and design issues within a processor. His second work, "Surviving the Design of Microprocessor and Multiprocessor Systems" (2000) considers the design issues involved with assembling a number of processors into a coherent system. Finally, this book generalizes the system design problem to electronic commerce on the Internet, a global system of immense consequence.

It is a general trend in computing that computers are becoming ever smaller and ever more interconnected. Sensor networks - large networks of small, simple devices - are a logical extreme of this trend. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are attracting an increasing degree of research interest, with a growing number of industrial applications starting to emerge. Two of these applications, personal health monitoring and emergency/disaster recovery, are the focus of the European Commission project ProSense: Promote, Mobilize, Reinforce and Integrate Wireless Sensor Networking Research and Researchers. This hands-on introduction to WSN systems development presents a broad coverage of topics in the field, contributed by researchers involved in the ProSense project. An emphasis is placed on the practical knowledge required for the successful implementation of WSNs. Divided into four parts, the first part covers basic issues of sensors, software, and position-based routing protocols. Part two focuses on multidisciplinary issues, including sensor network integration, mobility aspects, georouting, medical applications, and vehicular sensor networks. The remaining two parts present case studies and further applications. Topics and features: presents a broad overview of WSN technology, including an introduction to sensor and sensing technologies; contains an extensive section on case studies, providing details of the development of a number of WSN applications; discusses frameworks for WSN systems integration, through which WSN technology will become fundamental to the Future Internet concept; investigates real-world applications of WSN systems in medical and vehicular sensor networks; with a Foreword by the Nobel Laurate Professor Martin Perl of Stanford University. Providing holistic coverage of WSN technology, this text/reference will enable graduate students of computer science, electrical engineering and telecommunications to master the specific domains of this emerging area. The book will also be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in entering the field.

As a foreword, here we publish an email letter of Late Professor Herb Simon, Nobel Laureate, that he wrote on the occasion ofthe death of the fatherofa friend. This letterofcondolence, more than any other wisdom, tells about the essence of the process of scientific creation, which is so important for both, the specific subject being covered by this book, and for the general science. When asked to address an SSGRR conference in Italy, prior to his death, Professor Herb Simon agreed that these lines be presented to all those who are interested in understanding the real essence oftheir own scientific struggle. Dear Professor Milutinovic: I want to extend my deepest sympathy to you and your family on the death of your father. His career was a very distinguished one, and his life spanned a most complex and difficult sequence of epochs in your country's history. Our generation (I am just a year younger than he was), like all its predecessors, leaves many tasks - hopefully no more than it inherited - for the next generation to take up; but even knowing that it must be so does not remove one's senseofloss in the parting.

Creativity in Computing and DataFlow Supercomputing, the latest release in the Advances in Computers series published since 1960, presents detailed coverage of innovations in computer hardware, software, theory, design, and applications. In addition, it provides contributors with a medium in which they can explore topics in greater depth and breadth than journal articles typically allow. As a result, many articles have become standard references that continue to be of significant, lasting value in this rapidly expanding field.

Advances in Computers, Volume 106 is the latest volume in the series, which has been published since 1960. This update presents innovations in computer hardware, software, theory, design and applications, with new chapters in this volume including sections on A New Course on R&D Project Management in Computer Science and Engineering: Subjects Taught, Rationales Behind, and Lessons Learned, Advances in Dataflow Systems, Adaptation and Evaluation of the Simplex Algorithm for a Data-Flow Architecture, and Simple Operations in Memory to Reduce Data Movement. In addition, this series provides contributors with a medium to explore their subjects in greater depth than journal articles usually allow.

Based on current literature and cutting-edge advances in the machine learning field, there are four algorithms whose usage in new application domains must be explored: neural networks, rule induction algorithms, tree-based algorithms, and density-based algorithms. A number of machine learning related algorithms have been derived from these four algorithms. Consequently, they represent excellent underlying methods for extracting hidden knowledge from unstructured data, as essential data mining tasks. Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms Using Control-Flow and Dataflow Paradigms presents widely used data-mining algorithms and explains their advantages and disadvantages, their mathematical treatment, applications, energy efficient implementations, and more. It presents research of energy efficient accelerators for machine learning algorithms. Covering topics such as control-flow implementation, approximate computing, and decision tree algorithms, this book is an essential resource for computer scientists, engineers, students and educators of higher education, researchers, and academicians.

Advances in Computers, Volume 116, presents innovations in computer hardware, software, theory, design, and applications, with this updated volume including new chapters on Teaching Graduate Students How to Review Research Articles and How to Respond to Reviewer Comments, ALGATOR - An Automatic Algorithm Evaluation System, Graph Grammar Induction, Asymmetric Windows in Digital Signal Processing, Intelligent Agents in Games: Review With an Open-Source Tool, Using Clickstream Data to Enhance Reverse Engineering of Web Applications, and more.

Since the seminal judgment of the European Court of Justice in Courage v. Crehan (2001), a right to damages is available not only to individuals (i.e. companies) acting against the Member States, but also to individuals acting against each other, as a result of the direct effect of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. However, it is only since the Commission's 2008 White Paper on Damages that a real impetus to the 'private enforcement' implied by this decision has taken place. If the White Paper is converted into legislation, it will have profound implications on the way both EU competition law and European (EU or national) private law functions. It is the provocative thesis of this book that the Commission's struggle for a more 'effective' system of private enforcement has gone from being a mere enhancement of a single EU policy (competition) to slowly but surely fuelling a paradigm shift in EU law. In an absorbing and richly detailed analysis of this thesis, the author examines such controversial and complex issues facing private enforcement of competition law in the EU as the following:  the binding effect of competition authority decisions on a civil proceeding;  the pass-on defence and standing of indirect purchasers;  distinguishing between restitution and compensation;  arguments defining the 'right' plaintiff';  national procedural autonomy;  containing the 'spill-over' effect; and  assessing a unified competition litigation system. The discussion of these issues and others underscores their tendency, as the result of gradual judicial development, to make damages claims in the EU more likely to be brought, more likely to be won, and more beneficial to the plaintiff if won. The forceful implication is that these issues carry much broader implications than mere efficiency in the context of the competition rules; rather, they have a profound impact on the wider issues of access to justice and the right to a fair trial in the Union's legal order. Through the perception of 'private enforcement' of EU competition law as an enduring legal and socio-political reality that is likely to remain, this book sheds new and powerful light on EU constitutional law and the ever-expanding influence of EU law on (largely national) private law. Although the practical availability of damages in national judicial fora is an issue which is still very far from being satisfactorily resolved, this far-reaching study reveals a trend that seems virtually inevitable, and will be of enormous interest to academics and policymakers concerned not only with competition law but with the very basis of EU law.