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Interpreting the Republic focuses on contemporary French literary and cinematic works (1986-2003) that reflect on what it means to belong to a nation such as France by giving voice to those who find themselves marginalized by French society. While citizenship and belonging can be, and indeed are, interpreted differently depending on the socio-cultural and political context, it is the foundational universalist republican principle of egalitarianism that has remained the sacred cow of French society. One of the major claims of this study is that the rigidity of French national discourse that attempts to impose a certain homogeneity in its official identificatory practices-all citizens are French, and thus difference (ethnic, sexual or other) ceases to matter-is but one of the many possible interpretations of the notion of the Republic. Vinay Swamy seeks to show how such supposedly unshakeable principles, too, can be, and often are, reinterpreted in novel ways by the works analyzed in this study, which carve out niches for their protagonists that are otherwise foreclosed in the French national space. Swamy examines the different tactics of identification deployed in works ranging from early "romans beurs" by Azouz Begag, Farida Belghoul and Soraya Nini, and Allah Superstar, the 2003 satirical novel by Y.B., to a number of films including Gazon maudit (1995), Ma vie en rose (1997), Le Placard (2001), Chouchou (2003), all of which (re)interpret the Republic in an effort to legitimize their protagonists' otherwise marginalized social position(s). He demonstrates how all these works put pressure, in a variety of ways, on an unacknowledged understanding of the institutional positions.
North African immigrants, once confined to France's social and
cultural margins, have become a strong presence in France's
national life. Similarly, descendants of immigrants from Morocco,
Algeria, and Tunisia have gained mainstream recognition as
filmmakers and as the subject of films. The first collective volume
on this topic, "Screening Integration" offers a sustained critical
analysis of this cinema. In particular, contributors evaluate how
Maghrebi films have come to participate in, promote, and, at the
same time, critique France's integration. In the process, these
essays reflect on the conditions that allowed for the burgeoning of
this cinema in the first place, as well as on the social changes
the films delineate.
In 1857, a group of young people who had participated in an orgy in a private mansion was sentenced for contempt of public decency (outrage public a la pudeur) because a voyeur was able to watch them through a keyhole. For Marcela Iacub, the crux of such cases hinges on where the public ends and the private begins, and what one can reveal, and what one ought to hide. Today, the term pudeur has disappeared from the French penal code to be replaced by Sex. But, far from being an epic story of hard-won freedom, Iacub demonstrates that the transformation techniques used by the State in the last two centuries have rendered sexuality into a spectacle and have conditioned our spaces, our clothes, our comportment and even some of our mental illnesses. In so doing, Iacub offers us a politico-legal history of the gaze. -- .
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