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International concern over the threat to species and ecosystems
caused by human activities is at an all time high, which may result
in high costs to present and future generations. The economic costs
and benefits associated with the conservation and sustainable use
of genetic resources of actual or potential value for food and
agriculture is largely unknown. Economic instruments that can
encourage implementation of socially optimal genetic resource
conservation strategies as well as the sharing of the real benefits
and costs are a useful measurement tool. This book is an edited
compilation of papers from the Symposium on the Economics of
Valuation and Conservation of Genetic Resources for Agriculture
held in Rome in May 1996. It addresses some of the key issues
involved in the estimation of the economic value of conserving
genetic resources for agriculture. It covers the modelling of the
value of Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs), empirical studies of PGRs
(including field diversity and yield vulnerability), seven
empirical studies of PGR breeding values, property rights in PGRs
and the implications of modern biotechnology methods for PGR
values. The book will be essential reading for workers in
agricultural economics, plant breeding and genetics, and
biodiversity and conservation.
This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists
on a highly topical subject. Plant breeding patents, the ownership
of biological innovation and associated intellectual property
rights (IPR) are the subject of increased attention worldwide. They
are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural
biotechnology, but until recently evoked little policy analysis.
IPRs are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural
biotechnology. They are issues affecting public and private sector
organizations and companies, and are significant for developing as
well as developed countries.
The regulatory systems in place prior to the development and
expansion of agricultural biotechnology are still responding to
this new form of technology. Such systems include trade law,
intellectual property law, contract law, environmental regulations
and biosafety regulations.This book reviews these regulatory
changes and consists of 24 chapters developed from papers presented
at a conference of the International Consortium on Agricultural
Biotechnology Research, held in Italy in July 2002. It primarily
considers the relationship between these changes and innovation,
market development and international trade.
In recent years, there have been increasing concerns about the
potential health risks of genetically modified foods. Consumer
perceptions vary between countries, but are probably most
pronounced in Europe and least in North America. These have had a
profound and controversial effect on the development of markets for
GM products. This book presents a compilation of studies of
consumer acceptance of GM foods. These studies utilized different
methods and evidence including: price and expenditure data,
experimental methods, "willingness to pay," consumer attitudes and
economic consequences.
There are many controversial socioeconomic issues concerned with
the development and implementation of agricultural biotechnology.
This book presents selected revised and edited papers from the
fourth and fifth meetings of the International Consortium on
Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Italy in 2000 and
2001. Key topics addressed include: intellectual property rights
and technological exchange; public-private issues; genetic
technologies and methods; developing country experiences; and
international models.
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