This book, Structure of Space and the Submicroscopic Deterministic Concept of Physics, completely formalizes fundamental physics by showing that all space, which consists of objects and distances, arises from the same origin: manifold of sets. A continuously organized mathematical lattice of topological balls represents the primary substrate named the tessellattice. All fundamental particles arise as local fractal deformations of the tessellattice. The motion of such particulate balls through the tessellattice causes it to deform neighboring cells, which generates a cloud of a new kind of spatial excitations named 'inertons'. Thus, so-called "hidden variables" introduced in the past by de Broglie, Bohm and Vigier have acquired a sense of real quasiparticles of space.This theory of space unambiguously answers such challenging issues as: what is mass, what is charge, what is a photon, what is the wave psi-function, what is a neutrino, what are the nuclear forces, and so on. The submicroscopic concept uncovers new peculiar properties of quantum systems, especially the dynamics of particles within a section equal to the particle's de Broglie wavelength, which are fundamentally impossible for quantum mechanics. This concept, thoroughly discussed in the book, allows one to study complex problems in quantum optics and quantum electrodynamics in detail, to disclose an inner world of particle physics by exposing the structure of quarks and nucleons in real space, and to derive gravity as the transfer of local deformations of space by inertons which in turn completely solves the problems of dark matter and dark energy. Inertons have revealed themselves in a number of experiments carried out in condensed media, plasma, nuclear physics and astrophysics, which are described in this book together with prospects for future studies in both fundamental and applied physics.

Written by 13 contributors from different regions of the World, this book is a collection of papers written by researchers who have been working toward defining new concepts in the sciences for years. Among the new approaches, new views have been developed based on the emerging mathematical principles, the observation of possible relationships between physical processes, and ideas inspired by firsthand experience penetrating elusive realms. In the frame of the new explanatory theoretic models, matter and energy may be different characteristics of a physical system and "equivalence" between matter and energy becomes not so obvious. Quantum Mechanics was developed based on the assumption that electron mass is constant. Variable electron mass automatically rules out the entirety of quantum mechanics. Electron mass can change during chemical and biological processes and then other characteristics modify correspondingly. It is accepted that the Special Theory of Relativity (STR) does not contradict quantum mechanics, but in reality, the opposite is true. Even for a non-rocket scientist, this contradiction becomes evident with the simplest analysis of energy mass and energy equivalence formula. In simple words, the formula assumes that if energy is quantised, mass must be quantized too. How do atomic particles know how much mass to convert into energy and keep the same proportion in the conversion? Maybe one proton or one neutron converts more mass than his neighbor does! If protons and neutrons can be fragmented and divided using the MeV energy order, then why do we need CERN or other large nuclear facilities? Contributors of this volume: George Shpenkov. Institute of Mathematics & Physics, UTA, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Leonid Kreidik. Minsk, Belarus; Volodymyr Krasnoholovets. Senior Research Scientist, Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine; Victor Christianto. Malang Institute of Agriculture (IPM), Indonesia; Florentin Smarandache. Chair of Mathematics and Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA. Gallup, New Mexico 87301, USA; Robert Neil Boyd. Consulting physicist for Princeton Biotechnology Corporation, Dept. Information Physics Research; Adrian Klein. Cognitive neuropsychology, PhD Metaphysical sciences, Parapsychological Association, ECAO, ISPE, IQN, AAPS, AAAS. Affiliation: ECAO Aff., Israel; Akira Kanda. Professor of Mathematics and Logic. Omega Mathematical Institute; Mihai Prunescu. University of Bucharest; Renata Wong. Nanjing University, China; Arnold Gorgels. Mathematical Physics, Institute in Potsdam, Member DPG, Germany; Ying-Qiu Gu. School of Mathematical Science, Fudan University, China.

This book presents a collection of chapters in which researchers who have worked in the field of gravity for years reveal their visions of the origin of gravity. Some approaches are based on field equations and ideas of general relativity, but others suggest their own procedures. Among the visions we see the further development of principles of general relativity, which unify gravity with fluctuations of matter or a background of super-strong interacting gravitons, as well as visions that ignore complicated interactions of gravity with other fields altogether. There is also a new approach in which space-particle dualism is presented. In addition, there is the approach that suggests starting directly with the smallest granularity of space, defined by the Planck scale. These lines of study involve constructions and methods emerging from quantum mechanical formalism and even suggestions for new courses of action, such as subquantum kinetics and submicroscopic mechanics. These approaches all try to explain the concepts of particle, mass, and their interactions. These are new trends both in the theory of gravitation and in the theory of elementary particles, and hence fundamental physics in general.

This outstanding new volume brings together state of the art developments in quantum physics. The forefront of contemporary advances in physics lies in the submicroscopic regime, whether it be in atomic, nuclear, condensed-matter, plasma, or particle physics, or in quantum optics, or even in the study of stellar structure. All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. a range of possible values are in quantum theory constrained to have discontinuous, or discrete, values. The intrinsically deterministic character of classical physics is replaced in quantum theory by intrinsic uncertainty. According to quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation does not always consist of continuous waves; instead it must be viewed under some circumstances as a collection of particle-like photons, the energy and momentum of each being directly proportional to its frequency (or inversely proportional to its wavelength, the photons still possessing some wavelike characteristics). Classical Concepts (Millard Baublitz, JR, Boston University); Irreversible Time Flow and Hilbert Space Structure (Pavel Kundrat, Milos V. Lokajicek, Institute of Physics, AVCR, Czech Republic); Time as a Dynamical Variable (Z. Y. Wang, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and B. Chen, University of Central Florida); Gamow Vectors and Time Asymmetric Quantum Mechanics (M. Gadella, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain, and S. Wickramasekara, St. Olaf College); Nonperturbative Methods in Quantum Mechanics: The Gaussian Functional Approach (J. Casahorran, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain); Wave Packet Dynamics and Tunneling in External Time Dependent Fields: A Semiclassical Real-Time Approach (Markus Saltzer and Joachim Ankerhold, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Germany); Finite Size Scaling in Quantum Mechanics (Sabre Kais, Purdue University and Pablo Serra, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina); Nonlocality in Time of Interaction in Theories with Disparate Energy Scales (Renat Kh. Gainutdinov and Aigul A. Mutygullina, Kazan State University, Russia); Classical and Quantum Mechanics of A

This new book examines new research in the exploding field of quantum physics. The forefront of contemporary advances in physics lies in the submicroscopic regime, whether it be in atomic, nuclear, condensed-matter, plasma, or particle physics, or in quantum optics, or even in the study of stellar structure. All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. Many physical quantities whose classical counterparts vary continuously over a range of possible values are in quantum theory constrained to have discontinuous, or discrete, values. The intrinsically deterministic character of classical physics is replaced in quantum theory by intrinsic uncertainty. According to quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation does not always consist of continuous waves; instead it must be viewed under some circumstances as a collection of particle-like photons, the energy and momentum of each being directly proportional to its frequency (or inversely proportional to its wavelength, the photons still possessing some wavelike characteristics).

Although the various branches of physics differ in their experimental methods and theoretical approaches, certain general principles apply to all of them. The forefront of contemporary advances in physics lies in the submicroscopic regime, whether it be in atomic, nuclear, condensed-matter, plasma, or particle physics, or in quantum optics, or even in the study of stellar structure. All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. Many physical quantities whose classical counterparts vary continuously over a range of possible values are in quantum theory constrained to have discontinuous, or discrete, values. The intrinsically deterministic character of classical physics is replaced in quantum theory by intrinsic uncertainty. According to quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation does not always consist of continuous waves; instead it must be viewed under some circumstances as a collection of particle-like photons, the energy and momentum of each being directly proportional to its frequency (or inversely proportional to its wavelength, the photons still possessing some wavelike characteristics). This book presents state of art research from around the world.

Although the various branches of physics differ in their experimental methods and theoretical approaches, certain general principles apply to all of them. The forefront of contemporary advances in physics lies in the submicroscopic regime, whether it be in atomic, nuclear, condensed-matter, plasma, or particle physics, or in quantum optics, or even in the study of stellar structure. All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. Many physical quantities whose classical counterparts vary continuously over a range of possible values are in quantum theory constrained to have discontinuous, or discrete, values. The intrinsically deterministic character of classical physics is replaced in quantum theory by intrinsic uncertainty. According to quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation does not always consist of continuous waves; instead it must be viewed under some circumstances as a collection of particle-like photons, the energy and momentum of each being directly proportional to its frequency (or inversely proportional to its wavelength, the photons still possessing some wavelike characteristics). This new book presents state of art research from around the world.

The forefront of contemporary advances in physics lies in the submicroscopic regime, whether it be in atomic, nuclear, condensed-matter, plasma, or particle physics, or in quantum optics, or even in the study of stellar structure. All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. Many physical quantities whose classical counterparts vary continuously over a range of possible values are in quantum theory constrained to have discontinuous, or discrete, values. The intrinsically deterministic character of classical physics is replaced in quantum theory by intrinsic uncertainty. According to quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation does not always consist of continuous waves; instead, it must be viewed under some circumstances as a collection of particle-like photons, the energy and momentum of each being directly proportional to its frequency (or inversely proportional to its wavelength, the photons still possessing some wavelike characteristics).