High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are widely used for liners and sealings in geotechnical engineering. Common applications include lining of ponds, dams and dykes, landfill underliners and cover systems, remediation of contaminated sites, waterproofing for tunnels, and beneath highways. This handbook covers all aspects of the field: basic materials, geomembrane manufacture, textured geomembranes, long-term performance and testing, installation and welding of geomembranes, quality assurance and control, leak detection, standards, recommendations and regulations.

This first English-language edition is a completely revised and expanded version of Die Umlaufgetriebe, published by the Springer-Verlag in 1971. It will be extremely useful to American engineers since it stresses the efficiencies of new and existing transmission designs and provides concise guide rules as well as worksheets. A thorough understanding of the sometimes difficult material is facilitated through the use of both schematic and symbolic diagrams. The book is profusely illustrated and analyzes many applications. These drives receive an unusually clear treatment because at Dr. Muller's discovery of their perfect analogy to the simple epicyclic drive trains. Unified methods of analysis and synthesis of complex drives are employed throughout, suggesting that further simplifications may be possible through the use of a multivalued logic system which is analogous to the bivalent logic system of digital electronics. This book presents a clear and concise description of a multitude of revolving gear trains in terms common to all, whereas previous publications have been limited to treatment on interesting subproblems. Its well-reasoned definitions and classifications will aid engineers in the selection and design of the best drives for any given application.

The combination of solid materials of different structural dimensionality with atomic or molecular guest species via intercalation processes represents a unique and widely variable low temperature synthesis strategy for the design of solids with particular composition, structure and physical properties. In the last decade this field has experienced a rapid development and represents now an established specific domain of solid state research and materials science. Substantial progress has been made with respect to an understanding of the complex relationship between structure, bonding, physical properties and chemical reactivity since the first volume on the subject appeared in this series in 1979 (Intercalated Layered Materials, F. Levy, ed.). The purpose of this volume is to present a survey on progress and per spectives based on the treatment of a series of major areas of activities in this field. By the very nature of its subject this monograph has an interdisciplinary character and addresses itself to chemists, physicists and materials scien tists interested in intercalation research and related aspects such as design and characterization of complex materials, low temperature synthesis, solid state reaction mechanisms, electronic/ionic conductivity, control of electronic properties of solids with different structural dimensionality and application of intercalation systems. Several chapters have been devoted to specific groups of host lattices."

From 1926 to 1936 Rudolf Bultmann offered an introductory course in theology, which he continually revised and refined. Finally published posthumously, and now available in English for the first time, WHAT IS THEOLOGY? presents a clear compendium of the theology of a member of one of this century's rare number of giant scholars.

The combination of solid materials of different structural dimensionality with atomic or molecular guest species via intercalation processes represents a unique and widely variable low temperature synthesis strategy for the design of solids with particular composition, structure and physical properties. In the last decade this field has experienced a rapid development and represents now an established specific domain of solid state research and materials science. Substantial progress has been made with respect to an understanding of the complex relationship between structure, bonding, physical properties and chemical reactivity since the first volume on the subject appeared in this series in 1979 (Intercalated Layered Materials, F. Levy, ed.). The purpose of this volume is to present a survey on progress and per spectives based on the treatment of a series of major areas of activities in this field. By the very nature of its subject this monograph has an interdisciplinary character and addresses itself to chemists, physicists and materials scien tists interested in intercalation research and related aspects such as design and characterization of complex materials, low temperature synthesis, solid state reaction mechanisms, electronic/ionic conductivity, control of electronic properties of solids with different structural dimensionality and application of intercalation systems. Several chapters have been devoted to specific groups of host lattices.

This book contains the refereed papers which were presented at the second In ternational Dortmund Meeting on Approximation Theory (IDoMAT 98) at Haus Bommerholz, the conference center of Dortmund University, during the week of February 23-27,1998. At this conference 52 researchers and specialists from Bul garia, China, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Roumania, South Africa and Germany participated and described new developments in the fields of uni variate and multivariate approximation theory. The papers cover topics such as radial basis functions, bivariate spline interpolation, multilevel interpolation, mul tivariate triangular Bernstein bases, Pade approximation, comonotone polynomial approximation, weighted and unweighted polynomial approximation, adaptive ap proximation, approximation operators of binomial type, quasi interpolants, gen eralized convexity and Peano kernel techniques. This research has applications in areas such as computer aided geometric design, as applied in engineering and medical technology (e. g. computerised tomography). Again this international conference was wholly organized by the Dortmund Lehrstuhl VIII for Approximation Theory. The organizers attached great impor tance to inviting not only well-known researchers but also young talented math ematicians. IDoMAT 98 gave an excellent opportunity for talks and discussions between researchers from different fields of Approximation Theory. In this way the conference was characterized by a warm and cordial atmosphere. The success of IDoMAT 98 was above all due to everyone of the participants."

A critical summary of the state of the art of PET technology and related disciplines (camera physics, radiochemistry, radiopharmacology, computerised brain atlases and databases, etc.), plus a survey of the most recent developments in the clinical and neuroscience applications of PET. The chapters systematically guide the reader from the basics of the technique - including new camera designs, new drugs, and new statistical and image processing approaches - through its most important clinical applications - in neurology, psychiatry and oncology - to the most sophisticated neuroscience applications, including research into human sensory and motor systems, the functional organisation of imagery, volition, attention and consciousness in the human brain.

Seit dem Erscheinen des zweibandigen Standardwerkes von F. HONCAMP, "Handbuch der Pflanzenernahrung und Dungerlehre", sind mehr als dreissig Jahre vergangen. Bei den sturmischen Fortschritten auf allen Gebieten der Natur- wissenschaften, insbesondere der Chemie, Pflanzenphysiologie, Biochemie, Bodenkunde und Technologie, ist dieses zur Zeit seines Erscheinens so aus- gezeichnete Handbuch naturlich langst veraltet. Zweifellos besteht heute ein dringendes Bedurfnis nach einem ahnlichen Werk. Wenn wir von dem ursprunglichen Plan abgekommen sind, das HONCAMP- sche Handbuch in neuer Auflage zu bearbeiten, so vor allem deswegen, weil die tiefgreifende Entwicklung auf diesem Gebiet eine vollig neue Gestaltung des Werkes geboten erscheinen liess. Es gliedert sich nun in drei Bande. Band I behandelt im wesentlichen die physiologischen Grundlagen der Pflanzenernahrung. Er enthalt eine ausfuhrliche und systematische Darstellung der eigentlichen Ernahrungsphysiologie. Auf eine Erorterung der allgemeinen pflanzen- physiologischen Grundlagen konnte dabei verzichtet werden, weil im RUHLAND- sehen "Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie" ein umfassendes und modernes Nach- schlagewerk zur Verfugung steht. Band II beschaftigt sich mit dem Boden und den Dungemitteln. Unter Berucksichtigung der modernen Agrikulturchemie haben wir das heutige Wissen uber den Boden als Standort und Nahrstoffquelle der Pflanze unter den Verhalt- nissen der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis und des Gartenbaues bzw. des Forstwesens systematisch zusammengefasst. Die folgenden Kapitel befassen sich mit der Beschreibung und Herstellung der verschiedenen Wirtschafts- und Handels- dungemittel. Gerade auf diesem Gebiet bestehen in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur erhebliche Lucken, da keine grosseren Lehr-oder Handbucher vorhanden sind, die sich eingehender mit der Technologie der Dungemittel und der Dungung beschaftigen.

This new treatise is the most outstanding piece of work on the knee and its associated ligaments currently available. Never before have I seen such an extensive study of the biomechanics of the knee with such a comprehensive review of the literature. The first section of the book, which deals with the functional anatomy (structure and biomechanics), immediately alerts the reader to the necessity of understanding the natural develop ment and action of the related structures, clearly emphasizing that successful diagnosis and treatment cannot otherwise be expected; the many who want an easy standard approach to each classic problem may find this hard to accept. Study what Werner Muller has written and compare it with your own findings from repeated dissection of anatomical specimens. The author goes on to stress that to have a real grasp of reconstructive surgery of the ligaments, one must be properly acquainted with the pathology and the repair of acute lesions. In no other way can one learn to recognize chronic problems. Once this step has been mastered it can be seen that the reconstructive procedures that Muller advocates do, for the most part, follow the laws of Nature rather than create the kind of abnormalities which often disrupt natural anatomical func tion.

High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are widely used for liners and sealings in geotechnical engineering. Common applications include lining of ponds, dams and dykes, landfill underliners and cover systems, remediation of contaminated sites, waterproofing for tunnels, and beneath highways. This handbook covers all aspects of the field: basic materials, geomembrane manufacture, textured geomembranes, long-term performance and testing, installation and welding of geomembranes, quality assurance and control, leak detection, standards, recommendations and regulations.

Winston Churchill wrote five books before he was elected to Parliament at the age of twenty-five. The most impressive of these books, The River War tells the story of Britain’s arduous and risky campaign to reconquer the Sudan at the end of the nineteenth century. More than half a century of subjection to Egypt had ended a decade earlier when Sudanese Dervishes rebelled against foreign rule and killed Britain’s envoy Charles Gordon at his palace in Khartoum in 1885. Political Islam collided with European imperialism. Herbert Kitchener’s Anglo-Egyptian army, advancing hundreds of miles south along the Nile through the Sahara Desert, defeated the Dervish army at the battle of Omdurman on September 2, 1898.   Churchill, an ambitious young cavalry officer serving with his regiment in India, had already published newspaper columns and a book about fighting on the Afghan frontier. He yearned to join Kitchener’s campaign. But the general, afraid of what he would write about it, refused to have him. Churchill returned to London. With help from his mother and the prime minister, he managed to get himself attached to an English cavalry regiment sent to strengthen Kitchener’s army. Hurriedly travelling to Egypt, Churchill rushed upriver to Khartoum, catching up with Kitchener’s army just in time to take part in the climactic battle. That day he charged with the 21st Lancers in the most dangerous fighting against the Dervish host.   He wrote fifteen dispatches for the Morning Post in London. As Kitchener had expected, Churchill’s dispatches and his subsequent book were highly controversial. The precocious officer, having earlier seen war on two other continents, showed a cool independence of his commanding officer. He even resigned from the army to be free to write the book as he pleased. He gave Kitchener credit for his victory but found much to criticize in his character and campaign.   Churchill’s book, far from being just a military history, told the whole story of the Egyptian conquest of the Sudan and the Dervishes’ rebellion against imperial rule. The young author was remarkably even-handed, showing sympathy for the founder of the rebellion, Muhammad Ahmed, and for his successor the Khalifa Abdullahi, whom Kitchener had defeated. He considered how the war in northeast Africa affected British politics at home, fit into the geopolitical rivalry between Britain and France, and abruptly thrust the vast Sudan, with the largest territory in Africa, into an uncertain future in Britain’s orbit.   In November 1899, The River War was published in “two massive volumes, my magnum opus (up to date), upon which I had lavished a whole year of my life,� as Churchill recalled later in his autobiography. The book had twenty-six chapters, five appendices, dozens of illustrations, and colored maps. Three years later, in 1902, it was shortened to fit into one volume. Seven whole chapters, and parts of every other chapter, disappeared in the abridgment. Many maps and most illustrations were also dropped. Since then the abridged edition has been reprinted regularly, and eventually it was even abridged further. But the full two-volume book, which is rare and expensive, was never published again—until now.   St. Augustine’s Press, in collaboration with the International Churchill Society, brings back to print in two handsome volumes The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan unabridged, for the first time since 1902. Every chapter and appendix from the first edition has been restored. All the maps are in it, in their original colors, with all the illustrations by Churchill’s brother officer Angus McNeill.   More than thirty years in the making, under the editorship of James W. Muller, this new edition of The River War will be the definitive one for all time. The whole book is printed in two colors, in black and red type, to show what Churchill originally wrote and how it was abridged or altered later. For the first time, a new appendix reproduces Churchill’s Sudan dispatches as he wrote them, before they were edited by the Morning Post. Other new appendices reprint Churchill’s subsequent writings on the Sudan. Thousands of new footnotes have been added to the book by the editor, identifying Churchill’s references to people, places, writings, and events unfamiliar to readers today. Professor Muller’s new introduction explains how the book fits into Churchill’s career as a writer and an aspiring politician. He examines the statesman’s early thoughts about war, race, religion, and imperialism, which are still our political challenges in the twenty-first century.   Half a century after The River War appeared, this book was one of a handful of his works singled out by the Swedish Academy when it awarded Churchill the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. Now, once again, its reader can follow Churchill back to the war he fought on the Nile, beginning with the words of his youngest daughter. Before she died, Mary Soames wrote a new foreword, published here, which concludes that “In this splendid new edition…we have, in effect, the whole history of The River War as Winston Churchill wrote it—and it makes memorable reading.�

Winston Churchill had an acute appreciation of what belongs to war and what belongs to peace. We tend to remember his resistance to Nazi tyranny during the Second World War and his actions as a man of war. In this book, scholars from the United States, Great Britain, and South Africa examine his other actions and comments, those that reflect the primary focus of Churchill's long career: his attempts to keep and restore peace throughout the world, from Queen Victoria's little wars to the Cold War.

Winston Churchill had an acute appreciation of what belongs to war and what belongs to peace. We tend to remember his resistance to Nazi tyranny during the Second World War and his actions as a man of war. In this book, scholars from the United States, Great Britain, and South Africa examine his other actions and comments, those that reflect the primary focus of Churchill's long career: his attempts to keep and restore peace throughout the world, from Queen Victoria's little wars to the Cold War.

Seit der ersten Auflage dieses Buches hat der Computer Einzug gehalten und die Auslegung und Konstruktion auch der Umlaufgetriebe weitgehend erleichtert. Da- bei erwies sich das damals gewahlte System der einheitlichen Bezeichnungen der Wellen als optimal, weil es die Berechnung der Betriebsdaten gegebener oder ge- suchter einfacher oder zusammengesetzter Planetengetriebe unabhangig von deren Bauart mit ein und demselben Rechenprogramm ermoeglicht. Auch die Zusammenfassung verschiedener Getriebe mit der gleichen speziellen Funktion zu einheitlich berechenbaren Typen hat sich bewahrt, denn diese koennen nun mit einheitlichen Rechenprogrammen analysiert oder ausgelegt werden. In der vorliegenden neu bearbeiteten und erweiterten zweiten deutschen Aufla- ge wurde die leichte Programmierbarkeit durch ubersichtlich dargestellte Berech- nung mit einfachen Formeln besonders beachtet. Dabei werden bei der Auslegung von Getrieben -z. B. fur variable UEbersetzungen -zuerst nur die erforderliche oder gegebenenfalls mehrere geeignete, kennzeichnenden UEbersetzungen" ermittelt und erst dann aus den vielen moeglichen, kinematisch gleichwertigen Getrieben" das konstruktiv gunstigste ausgewahlt. Die Reihe der dargestellten Varianten praktisch ausgefuhrter alterer und neue- rer Anwendungen von Planetengetrieben wurde erweitert, um die Vielfalt der An- wendungsmoeglichkeiten zu zeigen und Inspirationen fur neue Anwendungen zu fordern. Statt des Index 0 (io, 110) fur Standgetriebe werden jetzt zur sicheren Unter- scheidung der Leistungsflusse, z.B. bei Selbsthemmung, stets die Indizes 12 bzw. 21 (i12, i2lo 1112, 1121) benutzt. Dagegen konnte auf die besondere Bezeichnung m statt n fur die Drehzahlen mehrlaufiger Getriebe ohne Nachteil verzichtet werden. Die strenge Unterscheidung von Drehzahlverhaltnissen k zwangloser Getriebe von der UEbersetzung i zwanglaufiger Getriebe ist jedoch weiterhin unverzichtbar.

1 Technische Regelwerke.- 1.1 Literatur.- 2 Beschreibung der PE-HD-Werkstoffe und Herstellung der Dichtungsbahnen.- 2.1 Werkstoff.- 2.2 Morphologie.- 2.3 Herstellung.- 2.4 Literatur.- 3 Prufung der Eigenschaften von PE-HD-Dichtungsbahnen.- 3.1 UEbersicht.- 3.2 Prufverfahren.- 3.2.1 AEussere Beschaffenheit, Homogenitat, Geradheit und Planlage.- 3.2.2 Dicke.- 3.2.3 Russgehalt und Russverteilung.- 3.2.4 Schmelzindex und Dichte.- 3.2.5 Massanderung.- 3.2.6 Permeation.- 3.2.7 Thermoanalytische Messungen und Oxidationsstabilitat.- 3.2.8 Zugversuch.- 3.2.9 Woelbversuch.- 3.2.10 Relaxationsversuch.- 3.2.11 Bestandigkeit gegen Chemikalien.- 3.2.12 Bestandigkeit gegen thermisch-oxidativen Abbau.- 3.2.13 Spannungsrissprufung: Zeitstand-Rohrinnendruckversuch und NCTL-Test.- 3.2.14 Witterungsbestandigkeit.- 3.2.15 Bestandigkeit gegen biologische Einwirkungen.- 3.2.16 Zeitstand-Zugversuch.- 3.2.17 Reibungseigenschaften.- 3.2.18 Zeitstand-Scherversuch.- 3.3 Weitere Prufungen.- 3.4 Literatur.- 4 Verformungsverhalten.- 4.1 Spannungsrelaxation und Kriechen.- 4.2 Phanomenologisches Werkstoffmodell.- 4.3 Verformungsverhalten im Zug- und Woelbversuch.- 4.4 Bestimmung der Verformung aus der Konturlinie.- 4.5 Literatur.- 5 Langzeitverhalten.- 5.1 Alterung.- 5.2 Oxidativer Abbau.- 5.2.1 Autoxidation unstabilisierter Polyolefine.- 5.2.2 Chemische Stabilisierung.- 5.2.3 Strukturelle Stabilisierung.- 5.3 Spannungsrissbildung.- 5.3.1 Beschreibung der Risserscheinungen und Begriffe.- 5.3.2 Prufverfahren fur Spannungsrissbestandigkeit.- 5.3.3 Exkurs in die Bruchmechanik.- 5.3.4 Modelle zur Beschreibung der Spannungsrissbildung.- 5.4 Funktionsdauer von PE-HD-Dichtungsbahnen.- 5.5 Literatur.- 6 PE-HD-Dichtungsbahnen mit strukturierter Oberflache.- 6.1 Art und Herstellung von Oberflachenstrukturen.- 6.2 Prufungen an strukturierten Dichtungsbahnen.- 6.3 Eigenschaften strukturierter Dichtungsbahnen, Gleitsicherheit von Abdichtungssystemen.- 6.4 Literatur.- 7 Stofftransport.- 7.1 Vorbemerkung.- 7.2 Stofftransport in der Kunststoffdichtungsbahn.- 7.3 Stofftransport in Boeden (Auflager der Dichtungsbahn).- 7.4 Stofftransport in der Kombinationsdichtung (Dichtungsbahn und Erdstoff).- 7.5 Auswirkungen von Fehlstellen in der Dichtungsbahn.- 7.6 Literatur.- 8 Anforderungen an Schutzschichten.- 8.1 Funktion von Schutzschichten.- 8.2 Arten von Schutzschichten.- 8.2.1 UEberblick.- 8.2.2 Mineralische Schutzschichten.- 8.2.3 Schutzschichten aus Geokunststoffen.- 8.3 Dimensionierung und Prufung von Schutzschichten.- 8.3.1 Eindellungen in der Dichtungsbahn.- 8.3.2 Schutzwirksamkeitsprufung.- 8.3.3 Prufung zur Perforation der Dichtungsbahn.- 8.4 Literatur.- 9 Einbau der PE-HD-Dichtungsbahn.- 9.1 Einleitung: PE-HD-Dichtungsbahnen im Deponiebau.- 9.2 Verlegeplanung.- 9.3 Einbau.- 9.3.1 Exkurs: Entstehung und Auswirkung von Wellen in der Dichtungsbahn.- 9.3.2 Die Riegelbauweise.- 9.4 Qualitatssicherung.- 9.4.1 Anforderungen an Verlegefachbetriebe.- 9.4.2 Anforderungen an fremdprufende Stellen.- 9.5 Literatur.- 10 Schweissen von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen.- 10.1 Schweissmaschinen, -gerate und Schweissnahte.- 10.2 Prufung von Schweissnahten.- 10.3 Prozessmodell zur Bewertung der Qualitat von Heizkeil-UEberlappnahten.- 10.4 Literatur.- 11 Dichtungskontrollsysteme fur Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen.- 11.1 Funktion und Arten von Dichtungskontrollsystemen.- 11.2 Anforderungen an Dichtungskontrollsysteme.- 11.3 Art und Haufigkeit von Fehlstellen.- 11.4 Literatur.- Anhang 1 Anforderungstabellen aus der Zulassungsrichtlinie der BAM.- Tabelle 1: Allgemeine physikalische Anforderungen.- Tabelle 2: Mechanische Anforderungen.- Tabelle 3: Anforderungen an die Bestandigkeit und das Langzeitverhalten.- Tabelle 4: Zusatzliche Anforderungen an Dichtungsbahnen mit strukturierter Oberflache.- Tabelle 5: Art und Umfang der Prufungen an der Formmasse und am Russbatch im Rahmen der Eigenuberwachung der Herstellung der Dichtungsbahnen.- Tabelle 6: Art und Umfang der Prufu

For forty years, Harvey Mansfield has been worth reading. Whether plumbing the depths of MachiavelliOs Discourses or explaining what was at stake in Bill ClintonOs impeachment, MansfieldOs work in political philosophy and political science has set the standard. In Educating the Prince, twenty-one of his students, themselves distinguished scholars, try to live up to that standard. Their essays offer penetrating analyses of Machiavellianism, liberalism, and America., all of them informed by MansfieldOs own work. The volume also includes a bibliography of MansfieldOs writings.

Kai W. Muller erlautert in diesem essential Hintergrunde rund um das Phanomen der Internetsucht. Auf ubersichtliche Art und Weise wird erklart, was man unter Internetsucht versteht, welche Erkennungsmerkmale herangezogen werden, wie verbreitet dieses noch junge psychische Krankheitsbild ist und welche Hilfsangebote zur Verfugung stehen. Der Leser erhalt zudem einen umfassenden Einblick in moegliche Ursachen fur die Entstehung dieser Suchtproblematik.

Seit der ersten Auflage dieses Buches hat der Computer Einzug gehalten und die Auslegung und Konstruktion auch der Umlaufgetriebe weitgehend erleichtert. Da- bei erwies sich das damals gewahlte System der einheitlichen Bezeichnungen der Wellen als optimal, weil es die Berechnung der Betriebsdaten gegebener oder ge- suchter einfacher oder zusammengesetzter Planetengetriebe unabhangig von deren Bauart mit ein und demselben Rechenprogramm ermoeglicht. Auch die Zusammenfassung verschiedener Getriebe mit der gleichen speziellen Funktion zu einheitlich berechenbaren Typen hat sich bewahrt, denn diese koennen nun mit einheitlichen Rechenprogrammen analysiert oder ausgelegt werden. In der vorliegenden neu bearbeiteten und erweiterten zweiten deutschen Aufla- ge wurde die leichte Programmierbarkeit durch ubersichtlich dargestellte Berech- nung mit einfachen Formeln besonders beachtet. Dabei werden bei der Auslegung von Getrieben -z. B. fur variable UEbersetzungen -zuerst nur die erforderliche oder gegebenenfalls mehrere geeignete, kennzeichnenden UEbersetzungen" ermittelt und erst dann aus den vielen moeglichen, kinematisch gleichwertigen Getrieben" das konstruktiv gunstigste ausgewahlt. Die Reihe der dargestellten Varianten praktisch ausgefuhrter alterer und neue- rer Anwendungen von Planetengetrieben wurde erweitert, um die Vielfalt der An- wendungsmoeglichkeiten zu zeigen und Inspirationen fur neue Anwendungen zu fordern. Statt des Index 0 (io, 110) fur Standgetriebe werden jetzt zur sicheren Unter- scheidung der Leistungsflusse, z.B. bei Selbsthemmung, stets die Indizes 12 bzw. 21 (i12, i2lo 1112, 1121) benutzt. Dagegen konnte auf die besondere Bezeichnung m statt n fur die Drehzahlen mehrlaufiger Getriebe ohne Nachteil verzichtet werden. Die strenge Unterscheidung von Drehzahlverhaltnissen k zwangloser Getriebe von der UEbersetzung i zwanglaufiger Getriebe ist jedoch weiterhin unverzichtbar.