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The brilliant research of Dr. Earl Sutherland and his colleagues
has had a broad impact on many areas of biology. Among the fields
in fluenced rather late by the insights arising from this work were
im munology and oncology. Although research relating cyclic AMP
metabol ism to the development and manifestations of the immune
response and the control of mammalian cell growth is relatively
recent, the growth of knowledge in these areas has been rapid and
there is already a considera ble amount of empirical information.
This conference provided an oppor tunity to collate and begin to
interpret that information. A deliberate at tempt was made to bring
together investigators nominally involved in im munology,
biochemistry, pharmacology, or cellular biology for in many
instances parallel observations are being obtained in these fields.
For ex ample, the immunologist studying the transformation of
lymphocytes by antigens or mitogens is carrying out experiments
that are very close to those of the biologist studying the growth
of cells in culture; in both cases, the phenomena they observe are
modulated by changes in the in tracellular level of cyclic
nucleotides. Many other examples of closely analogous experiments
in different fields could be cited, but perhaps the point is clear.
Two fields have played a leading role in biomedical research in
recent years, the biochemistry of nucleic acids and immunology.
Yet, with the exception of those aspects which have been concerned
with antibody synthesis as an example of protein synthesis, there
was until recently a lack of direct association between the two
fields. Until quite recently the antigenicity of nucleic acids was
still in doubt and indeed represented a controversial subject.
Also, the exact role of the various nucleic acids in various stages
of antibody synthesis was uncertain. These skepticisms and
uncertainties disappeared rapidly in the last few years. New experi
mental approaches brought the realization that nucleic acids, under
appropriate conditions, are indeed immunogenic, and that the
resulting antibodies can furnish new tools for the exploration of
the mplecular structure of the all-important family of nucleic acid
molecules. ' At the same time, the recognition of the antigenicity
of nucleic acids brought a new level of understanding to certain
auto-immune diseases and pro vided new material for the exploration
of the role of a carrier in immune responses. Side by side with
this development was the almost explosive development of new
experimental approaches and new ideas pertaining to the problem of
antibody formation. Nucleic acids in their various forms were
recognized as playing an expected major role in the activation of
antibody-forming cells. Perhaps less to be expected was the role
they can playas non-specific stimulators of antibody formation.
In recent years our horizons regarding the role of nucleic acids in
biological systems have been expanded vastly by the finding that
these molecules not only carry and transmit specific infOImation
but also can act as less specific triggers of antiviral factors and
of immunological responses. The latter properties are of particular
interest in terms of possible utilization in human and veterinary
medicine and consequently led, in the last few years, to the
development of a new research area that combines both fundamental
and applied problems in a uniquely attractive way. Furthermore, the
importance and the complexity of the problems has attracted
investigators from many fields, including molecular biologists,
virologists, immunologists, chemists, biophysicists, oncologists,
pharmacologists, and clinicians. A discussion of new developments
in this area of biological effects of polynucleotides, with
particular emphasis on interferon induction and modification of
immune responses, therefore, seemed a logical topic for one of the
annual symposia that Miles Laboratories, Inc., has sponsored in
recent years. The manage ment of Miles accepted the suggestion with
enthusiasm and thus once again earned the gratitude of the
scientific community for sponsoring a catalytic meeting that was
principally concerned with basic research problems and only
tangentially with immediate applications. Springer-Verlag agreed to
publish the proceedings of the meeting which was held at the
Americana Hotel in New York City, June 4-5, 1970 and attracted an
unusually large audience."
It is matter of some surprise that this treasury of information
concerning the centres of gravity of various parts of the human
body has remained hidden not only from the English speaking world
for obvious reasons, but also to some degree from the Ger mans
themselves. What is less surprising is t 1at this work is a
monument to the renouned German thoroughness as demon strated by
the relentless pursuit of data and the meticulous ac curacy of the
conclusions. However, these scientific investigations carried out
in Leipzig must be viewed in the intellectual climate of the time.
In the lat ter half of the nineteenth century, and later, Germany
underwent an intellectual explosion. It was the age of Rhumkorff,
Max Planck, the Weber brothers and Gottingen University. It was
said that science came to life during discussions on the train be
tween Gottingen and Berlin. So the scene was set and Braune and
Fischer made good use of it and fulfilled their role as mem bers of
the Royal Scientific Society of Saxony. When Pauwels (1935)
analysed the static and dynamic forces exerted on the hip joint
when standing and when walking, he needed data concerning the
centres of gravity of the human body and of its different segments.
I was faced with the same pre requisite when I studied the forces
acting on the knee (1976)."
The expression of many bacterial genes adapts itself in an almost
in stantaneous and reversible way to specific environmental
changes. More specifically, the concentration of a number of
metabolites, a function of the amounts of enzymes involved in their
synthesis or degradation, in turn retroacts on the rate of
synthesis of these enzymes. The genetic bases for this regulation
were established by JACOB and MONOD (1961). These authors also
showed how the known elements of these regulatory mechanisms could
be connected into a wide variety of circuits endowed with any
desired degree of stability, in order to account for essentially
irreversible processes like differentiation (MONOD and JACOB,
1961). The general principles used by JACOB and MONOD in their
study of negative regulation were extended to positive regulation
by ENGLESBERG et al. (1965). An independent approach permitted the
discovery of positive controls in temperate bacteriophages (see
below, III). Each control operation is mediated by a pair of
complementary genetic elements (hereafter called "control cell"): a
control gene which produces a l control (or regulator) protein and
a control site which is the target for the regulator protein.
Negative control means that the control protein (repressor)
prevents gene expression. One deals with positive control when the
control protein (activator) is necessary for this expression. It
has become apparent that, as initially postulated by JACOB and
MONOD, control of gene expression operates, at least to a large
extent, at the transcriptional level.
Zu den sogenannten physikalischen Arbeitsschaden, die in der
erweiterten Berufskrankheitenliste durch die 5.
Berufskrankheitenverordnung eine be sondere Beachtung erfahren
haben, gehoren die Erkrankungen der Sehnen scheiden sowie der
Sehnen-und Muskelansatze. Das vorliegende 2. Beiheft zum
"Zentralblatt fur Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeits schutz" der Deutschen
Gesellschaft fur Arbeitsschutz soll einen Diskussions beitrag zur
Klarung von Unsicherheiten bei der Begutachtung solcher chro
nischer, durch uberbeanspruchung entstandener Erkrankungen leisten.
FrankfurtlMain, November 1956. DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR
ARBEITSSCHUTZ E. V. Der Vorsitzende: Dr.-Ing. E. h. Dipl.-Ing. F.
Jahne INHALT Vorwort v TEIL I 1 1. Einleitung 1 2. Gang der
Untersuchung 4 3. Untel'suchungsergebnisse 10 4. Einzelanalysen der
verschiedenen Krankheitsbilder 17 a) Objektive Veranderungen an
Sehnen und Sehnenscheiden 17 Epicondylitis b) 20 c) Periarthritis
des Handgelenks, Styloiditis . 22 5. Gegenuberstellung
verschiedener Berufsgl'uppen 24 TEIL II 26 1. Besprechung der
Untersuchungs ergebnisse und theoretische Erlaute rungen 26 2.
Zusammenfassung 39 TEIL III . 41 Nachtrag 41 TEIL IV . 45 Kasuistik
45 Literaturverzeichnis 59 Sachverzeichnis . 61 TEIL I 1.
EINLEITUNG Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Symptome
der "chronischen Erkrankungen der Sehnenscheiden, Sehnen-und
Muskelansatze durch Uber beanspruchung" entsprechend der Ziffer 22
der 5. Berufskrankheiten-Verord nung") zu beschreiben, die
Diagnostik der unter diese Verordnung fallenden Erkrankungen zu
ermoglichen und gegen andere Krankheitsbilder abzu grenzen.: -: -)
Die Voraussetzungen fur eine Entschadigung sind also geknupft an 1.
den chronischen Verlauf der Erkrankung, 2. die Lokalisation an
Sehnenscheiden, Sehnen-und Muskelansatzen, 3. die berufliche
Uberbeanspruchung als Ursache der Erkrankung."
Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer
Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags
von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv
Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche
Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext
betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor
1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen
Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Goethe Im Urtheile Seiner Zeitgenossen. Zeitunhskritiken,
Berichte, Notizen, Goethe Und Seine Werke Betreffend Aus Den Jahren
1773 -1812]: Bd. 1802-1812; Volume 3 Of Goethe Im Urtheile Seiner
Zeitgenossen. Zeitunhskritiken, Berichte, Notizen, Goethe Und Seine
Werke Betreffend Aus Den Jahren 1773 -1812]; Julius W. Braun Julius
W. Braun, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe F. Luckhardt, 1885 Literary
Criticism; European; German; Literary Criticism / European / German
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Laokoon: Oder Hermes Und Perrone Johann W. Braun Eisen, 1840
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Numbering Our Days: A Discourse Preached At The Funeral Of
Thomas W. Cattell, December 11th, 1867, In The First Presbyterian
Church, Salem N.J. Frederick W. Brauns, First Presbyterian Church
(Salem, N.J.) Alfred Martien, 1868 Religion; Sermons; General;
Funeral sermons; Religion / Sermons / Christian; Religion / Sermons
/ General
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This
IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced
typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have
occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor
pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original
artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe
this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing
commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We
appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the
preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Bad grammar, emoticons, acronyms, and poor spelling are ubiquitous
in cyberspace, and especially prevalent in teen communications-both
within and outside of the Internet-even in the classroom. Are
today's technologies-email, chat, IM, blogging, and electronic
games-ruining the reading and writing skills of teens? This author
proposes that, because the technology often defines how one
communicates, today's teens are actually exploring and developing
new literacies, and learning to use technology in the most
effective ways possible. After examining some of the specific
technologies used by teenagers, she considers how these
technologies affect reading, writing, and communication habits and
skills; and how they are creating new communities of learning.
Ultimately, she demonstrates that technologies are (and should be)
redefining what we mean by literacy, and explains how, by
integrating technologies into programs and services, educators can
maximize the learning that teens acquire in using new technologies.
A positive take on the issues surrounding technology and literacy,
and a "must-read" for anyone who works with teens in grades 6 and
up. In addition, the book includes a discussion of why librarians
and teachers need to educate administrators and the public about
the role of new literacies in teen lives. Support materials, such
as scripts to use in explaining new literacies enhance the text.
This work aims to show ways to help teens learn critical
information literacy skills. It shows educators how to ""hook""
teens by integrating popular YA sites into teaching and
programming, and how to use these sites for teaching mathematics,
science, and language arts. Lesson plans, activity sheets, and
templates are included for arts and entertainment (including music
and movies). Also included are: shopping; the quest for
self-definition (incorporating the use of discussion boards,
mailing lists, and chat rooms); and sports. Each section includes
an overview, lesson plans and activity sheets, and a list of
selected resources - both print and online.
YA service innovators Linda W. Braun, Hillias J. Martin, and Connie
Urquhart explain how to be smart about taking risks without shying
away from them. They offer concrete advice for - Laying the
groundwork for change in key areas such as collection building and
programming - Including technology components as part of
traditional services, such as booktalks, information literacy
instruction, and book discussion groups - Effectively gaining
support from administrators and colleagues Real-world examples of
risky change in action from librarians and authors of YA lit enrich
this exploration of a topic rarely discussed in depth, but central
to YA services in school and public libraries today.
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