The brilliant research of Dr. Earl Sutherland and his colleagues has had a broad impact on many areas of biology. Among the fields in fluenced rather late by the insights arising from this work were im munology and oncology. Although research relating cyclic AMP metabol ism to the development and manifestations of the immune response and the control of mammalian cell growth is relatively recent, the growth of knowledge in these areas has been rapid and there is already a considera ble amount of empirical information. This conference provided an oppor tunity to collate and begin to interpret that information. A deliberate at tempt was made to bring together investigators nominally involved in im munology, biochemistry, pharmacology, or cellular biology for in many instances parallel observations are being obtained in these fields. For ex ample, the immunologist studying the transformation of lymphocytes by antigens or mitogens is carrying out experiments that are very close to those of the biologist studying the growth of cells in culture; in both cases, the phenomena they observe are modulated by changes in the in tracellular level of cyclic nucleotides. Many other examples of closely analogous experiments in different fields could be cited, but perhaps the point is clear.

Two fields have played a leading role in biomedical research in recent years, the biochemistry of nucleic acids and immunology. Yet, with the exception of those aspects which have been concerned with antibody synthesis as an example of protein synthesis, there was until recently a lack of direct association between the two fields. Until quite recently the antigenicity of nucleic acids was still in doubt and indeed represented a controversial subject. Also, the exact role of the various nucleic acids in various stages of antibody synthesis was uncertain. These skepticisms and uncertainties disappeared rapidly in the last few years. New experi mental approaches brought the realization that nucleic acids, under appropriate conditions, are indeed immunogenic, and that the resulting antibodies can furnish new tools for the exploration of the mplecular structure of the all-important family of nucleic acid molecules. ' At the same time, the recognition of the antigenicity of nucleic acids brought a new level of understanding to certain auto-immune diseases and pro vided new material for the exploration of the role of a carrier in immune responses. Side by side with this development was the almost explosive development of new experimental approaches and new ideas pertaining to the problem of antibody formation. Nucleic acids in their various forms were recognized as playing an expected major role in the activation of antibody-forming cells. Perhaps less to be expected was the role they can playas non-specific stimulators of antibody formation.

In recent years our horizons regarding the role of nucleic acids in biological systems have been expanded vastly by the finding that these molecules not only carry and transmit specific infOImation but also can act as less specific triggers of antiviral factors and of immunological responses. The latter properties are of particular interest in terms of possible utilization in human and veterinary medicine and consequently led, in the last few years, to the development of a new research area that combines both fundamental and applied problems in a uniquely attractive way. Furthermore, the importance and the complexity of the problems has attracted investigators from many fields, including molecular biologists, virologists, immunologists, chemists, biophysicists, oncologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians. A discussion of new developments in this area of biological effects of polynucleotides, with particular emphasis on interferon induction and modification of immune responses, therefore, seemed a logical topic for one of the annual symposia that Miles Laboratories, Inc., has sponsored in recent years. The manage ment of Miles accepted the suggestion with enthusiasm and thus once again earned the gratitude of the scientific community for sponsoring a catalytic meeting that was principally concerned with basic research problems and only tangentially with immediate applications. Springer-Verlag agreed to publish the proceedings of the meeting which was held at the Americana Hotel in New York City, June 4-5, 1970 and attracted an unusually large audience."

It is matter of some surprise that this treasury of information concerning the centres of gravity of various parts of the human body has remained hidden not only from the English speaking world for obvious reasons, but also to some degree from the Ger mans themselves. What is less surprising is t 1at this work is a monument to the renouned German thoroughness as demon strated by the relentless pursuit of data and the meticulous ac curacy of the conclusions. However, these scientific investigations carried out in Leipzig must be viewed in the intellectual climate of the time. In the lat ter half of the nineteenth century, and later, Germany underwent an intellectual explosion. It was the age of Rhumkorff, Max Planck, the Weber brothers and Gottingen University. It was said that science came to life during discussions on the train be tween Gottingen and Berlin. So the scene was set and Braune and Fischer made good use of it and fulfilled their role as mem bers of the Royal Scientific Society of Saxony. When Pauwels (1935) analysed the static and dynamic forces exerted on the hip joint when standing and when walking, he needed data concerning the centres of gravity of the human body and of its different segments. I was faced with the same pre requisite when I studied the forces acting on the knee (1976)."

The expression of many bacterial genes adapts itself in an almost in stantaneous and reversible way to specific environmental changes. More specifically, the concentration of a number of metabolites, a function of the amounts of enzymes involved in their synthesis or degradation, in turn retroacts on the rate of synthesis of these enzymes. The genetic bases for this regulation were established by JACOB and MONOD (1961). These authors also showed how the known elements of these regulatory mechanisms could be connected into a wide variety of circuits endowed with any desired degree of stability, in order to account for essentially irreversible processes like differentiation (MONOD and JACOB, 1961). The general principles used by JACOB and MONOD in their study of negative regulation were extended to positive regulation by ENGLESBERG et al. (1965). An independent approach permitted the discovery of positive controls in temperate bacteriophages (see below, III). Each control operation is mediated by a pair of complementary genetic elements (hereafter called "control cell"): a control gene which produces a l control (or regulator) protein and a control site which is the target for the regulator protein. Negative control means that the control protein (repressor) prevents gene expression. One deals with positive control when the control protein (activator) is necessary for this expression. It has become apparent that, as initially postulated by JACOB and MONOD, control of gene expression operates, at least to a large extent, at the transcriptional level.

Zu den sogenannten physikalischen Arbeitsschaden, die in der erweiterten Berufskrankheitenliste durch die 5. Berufskrankheitenverordnung eine be sondere Beachtung erfahren haben, gehoren die Erkrankungen der Sehnen scheiden sowie der Sehnen-und Muskelansatze. Das vorliegende 2. Beiheft zum "Zentralblatt fur Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeits schutz" der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Arbeitsschutz soll einen Diskussions beitrag zur Klarung von Unsicherheiten bei der Begutachtung solcher chro nischer, durch uberbeanspruchung entstandener Erkrankungen leisten. FrankfurtlMain, November 1956. DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR ARBEITSSCHUTZ E. V. Der Vorsitzende: Dr.-Ing. E. h. Dipl.-Ing. F. Jahne INHALT Vorwort v TEIL I 1 1. Einleitung 1 2. Gang der Untersuchung 4 3. Untel'suchungsergebnisse 10 4. Einzelanalysen der verschiedenen Krankheitsbilder 17 a) Objektive Veranderungen an Sehnen und Sehnenscheiden 17 Epicondylitis b) 20 c) Periarthritis des Handgelenks, Styloiditis . 22 5. Gegenuberstellung verschiedener Berufsgl'uppen 24 TEIL II 26 1. Besprechung der Untersuchungs ergebnisse und theoretische Erlaute rungen 26 2. Zusammenfassung 39 TEIL III . 41 Nachtrag 41 TEIL IV . 45 Kasuistik 45 Literaturverzeichnis 59 Sachverzeichnis . 61 TEIL I 1. EINLEITUNG Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Symptome der "chronischen Erkrankungen der Sehnenscheiden, Sehnen-und Muskelansatze durch Uber beanspruchung" entsprechend der Ziffer 22 der 5. Berufskrankheiten-Verord nung") zu beschreiben, die Diagnostik der unter diese Verordnung fallenden Erkrankungen zu ermoglichen und gegen andere Krankheitsbilder abzu grenzen.: -: -) Die Voraussetzungen fur eine Entschadigung sind also geknupft an 1. den chronischen Verlauf der Erkrankung, 2. die Lokalisation an Sehnenscheiden, Sehnen-und Muskelansatzen, 3. die berufliche Uberbeanspruchung als Ursache der Erkrankung."

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Goethe Im Urtheile Seiner Zeitgenossen. Zeitunhskritiken, Berichte, Notizen, Goethe Und Seine Werke Betreffend Aus Den Jahren 1773 -1812]: Bd. 1802-1812; Volume 3 Of Goethe Im Urtheile Seiner Zeitgenossen. Zeitunhskritiken, Berichte, Notizen, Goethe Und Seine Werke Betreffend Aus Den Jahren 1773 -1812]; Julius W. Braun Julius W. Braun, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe F. Luckhardt, 1885 Literary Criticism; European; German; Literary Criticism / European / German

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Laokoon: Oder Hermes Und Perrone Johann W. Braun Eisen, 1840

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Numbering Our Days: A Discourse Preached At The Funeral Of Thomas W. Cattell, December 11th, 1867, In The First Presbyterian Church, Salem N.J. Frederick W. Brauns, First Presbyterian Church (Salem, N.J.) Alfred Martien, 1868 Religion; Sermons; General; Funeral sermons; Religion / Sermons / Christian; Religion / Sermons / General

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Bad grammar, emoticons, acronyms, and poor spelling are ubiquitous in cyberspace, and especially prevalent in teen communications-both within and outside of the Internet-even in the classroom. Are today's technologies-email, chat, IM, blogging, and electronic games-ruining the reading and writing skills of teens? This author proposes that, because the technology often defines how one communicates, today's teens are actually exploring and developing new literacies, and learning to use technology in the most effective ways possible. After examining some of the specific technologies used by teenagers, she considers how these technologies affect reading, writing, and communication habits and skills; and how they are creating new communities of learning. Ultimately, she demonstrates that technologies are (and should be) redefining what we mean by literacy, and explains how, by integrating technologies into programs and services, educators can maximize the learning that teens acquire in using new technologies. A positive take on the issues surrounding technology and literacy, and a "must-read" for anyone who works with teens in grades 6 and up. In addition, the book includes a discussion of why librarians and teachers need to educate administrators and the public about the role of new literacies in teen lives. Support materials, such as scripts to use in explaining new literacies enhance the text.

This work aims to show ways to help teens learn critical information literacy skills. It shows educators how to ""hook"" teens by integrating popular YA sites into teaching and programming, and how to use these sites for teaching mathematics, science, and language arts. Lesson plans, activity sheets, and templates are included for arts and entertainment (including music and movies). Also included are: shopping; the quest for self-definition (incorporating the use of discussion boards, mailing lists, and chat rooms); and sports. Each section includes an overview, lesson plans and activity sheets, and a list of selected resources - both print and online.

YA service innovators Linda W. Braun, Hillias J. Martin, and Connie Urquhart explain how to be smart about taking risks without shying away from them. They offer concrete advice for - Laying the groundwork for change in key areas such as collection building and programming - Including technology components as part of traditional services, such as booktalks, information literacy instruction, and book discussion groups - Effectively gaining support from administrators and colleagues Real-world examples of risky change in action from librarians and authors of YA lit enrich this exploration of a topic rarely discussed in depth, but central to YA services in school and public libraries today.