This volume developed from a Workshop on Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces: Swimming, Flying, and Sliding which was held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota, from June 1-5, 2010. The subject matter ranged widely from observational data to theoretical mechanics, and reflected the broad scope of the workshop. In both the prepared presentations and in the informal discussions, the workshop engaged exchanges across disciplines and invited a lively interaction between modelers and observers. The articles in this volume were invited and fully refereed. They provide a representative if necessarily incomplete account of the field of natural locomotion during a period of rapid growth and expansion. The papers presented at the workshop, and the contributions to the present volume, can be roughly divided into those pertaining to swimming on the scale of marine organisms, swimming of microorganisms at low Reynolds numbers, animal flight, and sliding and other related examples of locomotion.

This volume developed from a Workshop on Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces: Swimming, Flying, and Sliding which was held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota, from June 1-5, 2010. The subject matter ranged widely from observational data to theoretical mechanics, and reflected the broad scope of the workshop. In both the prepared presentations and in the informal discussions, the workshop engaged exchanges across disciplines and invited a lively interaction between modelers and observers. The articles in this volume were invited and fully refereed. They provide a representative if necessarily incomplete account of the field of natural locomotion during a period of rapid growth and expansion. The papers presented at the workshop, and the contributions to the present volume, can be roughly divided into those pertaining to swimming on the scale of marine organisms, swimming of microorganisms at low Reynolds numbers, animal flight, and sliding and other related examples of locomotion.

This volume covers the proceedings of a symposium held in Marseille in March 1982 as a satellite meeting of the IBRO First World Congress in Lausanne. About 70 participants from more than ten countries attended the symposium, whose central theme was "Neural Coding of Motor Performance. " Whereas coding within the sensory systems has been dis cussed widely, coding in the field of motor control has been analyzed much less. Over the past 10 years an impressive amount of information has been assembled combining re- . cordings in central and peripheral neural structures during the performance of simple and complex motor tasks. Data such as those relating the behavioral phenomena of the awake animal to single-cell recordings from various cerebral areas have been carefully worked out by a number of investigators. It was thought at the symposium that the time had come for this infor mation to be collected and reexamined, and presented in one volume. The present book was conceived to cover the scope and significance of coding throughout the nervous system. by "coding" in the central nervous system? This What is meant question can be answered in general by bringing together data and viewpoints from many disciplines - behavior, neurophysi ology, neuropharmacology - and clinical observations. Gen erally speaking, one may call coding a method of communica tion, i. e., the language that brain cells use for exchange of information."

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1981.

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1907 Edition.

The deposition of dredge spoil material from the creation and maintenance of navigation channels along the Texas coast has received a great deal of scrutiny from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) and other resource agencies. Although numerous concerns have been raised regarding this activity (Natural Resource Maintenance Dredging Working Group 1988), the disposal of contaminated dredge material is of special concern to the Service's Environmental Contaminants program. Agricultural activities, oil and gas exploration and production, petrochemical refining, ore processing plants, urban runoff, and municipal wastewater discharges are major contributors of contaminants to Texas bay systems. These contaminants include petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides. Due to the hydrophobic nature of many of these contaminants, they tend to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments that settle out onto bay bottoms and into existing navigation channels. In many areas, sediment samples have been found to contain alarming levels of contaminants. In response to this problem, material that is dredged from navigation channels is often placed in confined disposal areas, if it is determined to be unacceptable for open water disposal (Palermo 1988). After dredging has ceased, confined disposal areas can become attractive to a variety of birds, providing vegetated areas and ponded water for feeding and nesting. White and Cromartie (1985) observed 56 species of birds feeding in a confined disposal area in Nueces Bay, including great blue herons (Ardea herodias), snowy egrets (Egreffa fhula), tricolored herons (Egret& tricolor), green-winged teal (Anas crecca), northern shoveler (Anas clypeafa), black necked stilts (Himanfopus mexicanus), American avocet (Recurvirosfra americana) and willets (Cafopfrophorus semipalmafus). Very little is known about the potential contaminant threats posed to birds that feed in ponds found within confined disposal areas. Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, lead, selenium, and zinc) were examined by White and Cromartie (1985) in three bird species, comparing those utilizing a confined disposal area to natural control sites. Only selenium was found at higher levels in birds feeding in the confined disposal area. They did not examine these birds for other contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, or organochlorines. The primary goal of this study was to gain preliminary information on the potential threat that contaminants in confined disposal areas adjacent to Aransas National Wildlife Refuge (Aransas NWR) pose to birds that utilize these areas, including the endangered whooping crane (Gnus americana) that often feeds on the dredge spoil study sites. In addition to concerns over potential contaminants in the spoil materials and their effects on natural resources, this study was also prompted by documentation by the Corps of Engineers in 1986 of a sediment sample from within the study area with an unusually high level of mercury (over 2 ppm). This sample was taken from an area which had received fugitive dredge spoil sediments from a breach in the containment dike on Rattlesnake Island. This high mercury level prompted great concern because there was no obvious or expected source to which it could be attributed. This study was intended, in part, to follow up on this concern and determine if greater alarm over local mercury levels was warranted.

Determining the intrinsic microwave properties of materials is important for a variety of applications ranging from antenna and electronic circuit design to remote sensing to electromagnetic interference mitigation. A number of methods exist for characterizing intrinsic properties of materials at microwave frequencies, including transmission lines, resonant cavities, and impedance analysis. The use of free-space measurement methods has become commonplace among microwave material characterization laboratories due to its ease of use and reasonable accuracy. While some free-space facilities exist that can characterize down to 500 MHz, the method is most useful for characterizing materials from 2 GHz through millimeter waves. This book is designed to acquaint engineers and scientists with the theory and practice of using microwave focused beam systems for free-space characterization of materials.

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!