The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta, Diophantine, and all-digital

Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen in popularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital nature and its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of the popular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, this timely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta by pairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research. Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses both sigma-delta and fractional-n--the still-in-use forerunner to sigma-delta--employing Simulink(R) models and detailed simulations of results to promote a deeper understanding.

After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs are produced at the synthesizer output by the basic process and different methods for overcoming them. It investigates how various defects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise in the synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed, and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources by choosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architectures are then reviewed.

The Simulink simulation models that provided data for the preceding discussions are described, providing guidance in making use of such models for further exploration. Next, another method for achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fine resolution--the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer--is introduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered, further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push their bandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the book reviews a newly important technology that is poised to become widely used in high-production consumer electronics--all-digital frequency synthesis.

Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on various stages of development, and many related resources are available for download, including Simulink models, MATLAB(R) scripts, spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make this authoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want to achieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and an awareness of the latest developments in the field.

A versatile and useful introduction to phase-locked loops--now in an updated edition

Phase-Lock Basics is a broad-based, hands-on text, designed to be both easy to understand and easy to customize. When used with MATLAB(R) simulation software, the book becomes a virtual laboratory for working professionals who want to improve their understanding of the design process and apply it to the demands of specific situations. The text can also be used as a theoretical introduction for graduate students. The description of second-order phase-locked loops is very thorough, covering all practical variations with formulas, graphs, worked examples, problem sets, and MATLAB(R) simulation exercises, which form a basis for understanding more complex loops. Features include:

Description of loop components, stability, responses, and performance in the presence of noise

MATLAB(R) simulation software and other design aids writtenexplicitly to correspond with the text

Access to an ftp site that corresponds with the textso that curves can be downloaded, duplicated, or modified

Scores of multicurve figures that illustrate various loop responses

A summary of acquisition formulas for second-order loops

Analysis and response curves for an important class of third-order loops

A four-page table of CW, AM, and FM signals in multiple representations

This Second Edition also includes new material on loop operation in noise, including a chapter on band-limited noise with MATLAB(R) scripts that enable the reader to duplicate and expand simulations. Phase-Lock Basics, Second Edition is an important reference for professional analog and digital circuit designers and also provides a completeand satisfying learning experience for graduate-level electrical engineering students.

A through discussion of frequency synthesizers, including design and effects on systems Working engineers who design, specify, use, or test frequency synthesizers need to develop an intimate understanding of how these devices operate and their effects on the systems in which they are embedded. Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, offers complete coverage that includes both normal control system design and effects that occur due to sampling when bandwidths are pushed. While the discussion emphasizes phase-locked synthesizers, direct and digital synthesizers are covered as well. In addition to the usual discussion of second-order loops, this book describes characteristics of an important class of third-order loops and state-space analysis of loops of arbitrary order. It uses Matlab scripts (available for downloading via ftp) to produce computer-aided analyses, including complex nonlinear simulations of loops in the acquisition process; and it includes a significant volume of material on phase noise, its effects in synthesizer loops, and its impact on systems employing synthesizers. An important reference of rare power and clarity, Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, features:

• Three new chapters covering architectures, sampling effects, and computer-aided engineering (CAE)
• Multicurve graphs of transient and modulation responses for second-and third-order loops
• Graphs of phase noise from 28 oscillators and 19 frequency dividers; noise theory and curves for IC oscillators
• Charge-pump phase-frequency detectors extensively covered
• Fractional-N, including DSP for improved spectrums
• Multiple loops, including offset references

The ultimate practical resource for today’s RF system design professionals

Radio frequency components and circuits form the backbone of today’s mobile and satellite communications networks. Consequently, both practicing and aspiring industry professionals need to be able to solve ever more complex problems of RF design.

Blending theoretical rigor with a wealth of practical expertise, Practical RF System Design addresses a variety of complex, real-world problems that system engineers are likely to encounter in today’s burgeoning communications industry with solutions that are not easily available in the existing literature. The author, an expert in the field of RF module and system design, provides powerful techniques for analyzing real RF systems, with emphasis on some that are currently not well understood. Combining theoretical results and models with examples, he challenges readers to address such practical issues as:

• How standing wave ratio affects system gain
• How noise on a local oscillator will affect receiver noise figure and desensitization
• How to determine the dynamic range of a cascade from module specifications
• How phase noise affects system performance and where it comes from
• How intermodulation products (IMs) predictably change with signal amplitude, and why they sometimes change differently

An essential resource for today’s RF system engineers, the text covers important topics in the areas of system noise and nonlinearity, frequency conversion, and phase noise. Along with a wealth of practical examples using MATLAB and Excel, spreadsheets are available for download from an FTP Web site to help readers apply the methods outlined in this important resource.