Throughout the world, traffic levels are increasing and, in urban areas, these increasing levels have led to pressures on the road networks which are causing serious economic, environmental and social problems. This book examines the full range of 'push and pull' Travel Demand Management measures. This covers areas of regulatory, pricing, planning and persuasive policies to encourage individuals to make their trips in off-peak periods, by a different mode or to find another way of carrying out the trip purpose. Applying such measures can result in a more efficient transport system, improved environmental conditions and improvements in safety as well as revenue generation for use on alternative transport systems. The editors conclude with a summary of findings within the book and suggestions for best future practice.

Climate change and global warming is challenging task ahead. This text book covers the fundamentals of estimating emission factor with special emphasis on motorcycle exhaust emissions. For the first time the text integrates various modelling techniques found in literature and their respective application for predicting emission estimation. The book is unique in that it presents the application of Driving Cycle, and use of Onboard Emission Measurement, Chassis dynamometer methods for estimating/predicting the vehicular pollutants in building accurate atmospheric emission inventory. It provides a step-by-step approach to develop driving cycle with many examples of Edinburgh and discussions. The main topics covered include fundamentals of driving cycles, methodology and limitations of various modelling techniques.It incorporates various components of driving cycle and estimation of motorcycle emission.This book provides a platform for a large number of potential future applications for the evaluation of emissions and policy of air pollution reduction. Researchers and graduate students would find this book an indispensable resource.