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As the world population increases, food security is a major global
issue. This book provides an in-depth examination of the three
necessary conditions for the achievement of food security: (1)
availability of food; (2) adequate incomes and (3) increasing
agricultural productivity. The author draws lessons from history,
explores these three conditions and discusses the prospect of
feeding an expected nine billion people in 2050. The author
discusses the major factors inhibiting food being available and
explores how these constraints can be lifted. First, the book
describes conditions necessary for food to be truly, consistently
available. Second, adequate incomes and programs such as food
stamps and foodbanks are explored. Third, the drivers of increasing
agricultural productivity are examined. Agricultural economists and
scientists, food policy practitioners in government and
international organizations and food aid NGOs, and students of
agriculture and public policy will find Food Security as
thought-provoking as it is informative.
Trade and the environment has become a major issue in international
relations, yet the surrounding debate remains polarised and
hostile. This book answers the question: Can an international
liability regime facilitate international trade while fostering
environmental sustainability?On the one hand, the authors argue,
international trade is perceived as a major threat to environmental
sustainability, whilst on the other, trade and the economic
development arising from it is seen as the prerequisite to stronger
environmental protection. Nowhere is the debate more acrimonious
than over trade in genetically modified organisms. The Biosafety
Protocol has been negotiated to govern trade in genetically
modified products and includes provisions for an international
liability regime to facilitate trade - a subject that has been
little studied. This valuable study explores the role, design and
potential effectiveness of such a regulating body and addresses
questions such as - what are the options for an international
environmental liability regime? Why are some options unworkable? Is
there a set of options that will achieve the dual goals of trade
facilitation and environmental protection? Is international
liability the best option for defusing the trade and environment
debate? This illuminating book will be an essential read for
scholars and students (senior undergraduate as well as
postgraduate) of international trade policy, environmental
economics, international politics and international law.
Individuals working in international organizations, those employed
by environmental NGOs and government policy makers will also find
much to engage them within this book.
In this unique work, Jennifer Considine and William Kerr contend
that while OPEC currently dominates the international oil market,
Russia will be a key player in the future international energy
market. Indeed, Russia's petroleum resources rival those of Saudi
Arabia. More than almost any other industry, future performance is
often determined by the influence of decisions made in the past.
This book provides a detailed history of the development of the
Russian oil economy in order to build up a comprehensive and
discerning picture of its future role and significance in the
global energy market of the 21st century. The authors of this
path-breaking treatment of the Russian oil economy present: * an
assessment of the effects of the political and macroeconomic
development of the Russian Federation and former Soviet Union on
the resources, reserves and infrastructure of the current oil
industry * an economic evaluation of the contemporary policies and
institutions in the Russian Federation, including policy
recommendations and forecasts * detailed statistics on all aspects
of the Russian oil industry, including reserves, production,
five-year planning targets, government policy, and tax rates, from
1860-2001. The Russian Oil Economy will be of enormous interest to
a wide-ranging audience, encompassing oil industry executives and
analysts, investment bankers, energy consultants, energy
policymakers, and those involved in the study, teaching and
research of energy, Russian history and transition.
The Economics of Biotechnology is a highly accessible book dealing
with some of the most crucial issues to arise in this area. Special
attention is paid to consumer, ethical and environmental concerns
as well as questions relating to trade policy, intellectual
property, who will receive the benefits, international development
and the role of international institutions such as the WTO. The
authors examine concerns arising from the application of
biotechnology in the agri-food industrial complex, and many of the
issues discussed also have implications for the medical and
pharmaceutical aspects of biotechnology. Fundamental questions
regarding the application of standard economic analysis to
biotechnology are resolved using traditional neo-classical analyses
as well as less mainstream methods. Through exploring a number of
approaches, original and unexpected conclusions are reached. This
coherent and relevant treatment of the myriad facets of
biotechnology will be welcomed by academics, scholars, and
economists with a specific interest in international economics or
technology, international policymakers, and economic commentators.
This highly accessible book explains the theoretical, historical
and political background of the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), its impact and the debates surrounding its existence. In
addition the authors provide a brief introduction to the theory of
economic integration as well as a succinct overview of the
evolution of the global economy, and the institutions that manage
it, in the post World War II period. Key issues examined include: *
how and why NAFTA emerged in the early 1990s and its performance
since implementation * the economic development and commercial
policy of each member country in the context of the rapidly
changing global economy * NAFTA's technical strengths and
limitations * the debates which still rage between its proponents
and critics The team of US, Canadian and Mexican authors argue that
while NAFTA has introduced novel social and environmental
innovations in trade agreements, given Mexico's macroeconomic
volatility, it provides a less than perfect approach for managing
North America's rapidly expanding economic integration. North
American Economic Integration can be used by a wide audience from
students to professionals and academics from any discipline with an
understanding of the basic principles of economics. Specifically,
the book will be welcomed by students of international economics,
political economy and international relations.
This book discusses the regulatory and trade challenges facing the
global adoption of biotechnological products and offers strategies
for overcoming these obstacles and moving towards greater global
food security. The first section of the book establishes the
context of the conflict, discussing the challenges of global
governance, international trade, and the history of regulation of
genetically modified (GM) crops. In this section, the authors
emphasize the shift from exclusively science-based regulation to
the more socio-economically focused framework established by the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which was adopted in 2000. The
second section of the book provides a snapshot of the current state
of international GM crop adoption and regulation, highlighting the
US, Canada, and the EU. The final section of the book identifies
options for breaking the gridlock of regulation and trade that
presently exist. This book adds to the current literature by
providing new information about innovative agricultural
technologies and encouraging debate by providing an alternative to
the narratives espoused by environmental non-governmental
organizations. This book will appeal to students of economics,
political science, and policy analysis, as well as members of
regulatory agencies and agricultural industry firms.
The expanding membership of the EU means significant changes for
accession countries' international trade relations, affecting
imports, exports, tax revenues, government expenditures and
domestic regulatory regimes. There are also significant
ramifications for the EU budget. This book is a valuable
comprehensive tool kit for analysing the economic effect of EU
accession, using examples from the most complex sector for both
candidate countries and the EU itself - agriculture. The authors
provide a complete set of market configurations with which to
analyse harmonisation with the Common Agriculture Policy in both
the long and short run. It also provides insights into the
questions of regulatory harmonisation in areas of food safety,
animal and plant health, the environment, animal welfare, technical
standards and the protection of intellectual property. Background
is provided on the EU and its policies, economic developments in
transition economies and the accession process. The book also
provides a unique insight into how negotiating positions can be
developed. A wide audience will find this book of great value and
interest including policymakers and analysts in governments and
related think tanks, businesses and consultancy firms trading in
the EU. Scholars and researchers of European studies, international
trade and agriculture will also find the book invaluable.
This Palgrave Pivot investigates barriers to international
agricultural trade caused by a lack of standardized maximum residue
levels (MRL) for pesticides. Given the preponderance of pesticide
use in food production and the increasing disruptions to trade, a
better understanding of the reasons for the decline in
international cooperation, the trade impacts, and potential
solutions is critical. This volume will contribute to that
understanding. Through an analysis of the economics of MRL
regulatory harmonization, select case studies, and a look at
incentives and disincentives for government agencies and
regulators, the authors move the conversation beyond the
theoretical, and into current practices and advice for creating
workable solutions. This Pivot is a valuable resource for those
concerned with food security, trade policy, agricultural production
and export supply chains, as well as those interested in broader
issues related to science policy and societal trends.
`The Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy has
become required reading among trade policy specialists, not least
for Bill Kerr's "Editor's Pages" essay in each volume. Kerr has the
ability in a dozen pages to engage, inform and entertain the reader
with his careful scholarship, interesting choice of topic and
highly-readable style. Kerr sets the tone for the volume and whets
the appetite for the other articles. Over the ten years of the
Estey Journal's life Kerr's pages have drawn our attention to a
range of trade-law topics from the golf-club-like voting rules of
the WTO to the delights of sipping incorrectly-labeled port. The
decision to bring these twenty short papers together in a volume
was inspired. Students and teachers will benefit from the
convenience of the collection as source material for classes on
trade law and policy. But above all, scholars in the fascinating
area of the interplay of economics and law in multilateral trade
institutions will have the wisdom of Bill Kerr readily to hand.' -
Tim Josling, Stanford University, US After 15 years the WTO is not
functioning as envisioned and is faced with many new trade
challenges climate change, terrorism, pandemics, genetically
modified organisms, food safety which it is ill-equipped to handle.
Conflict, Chaos and Confusion sheds light on this deep and acute
crisis, focusing on contentious and complex new trade issues and
how they will affect international trade in the future. William
Kerr demonstrates that there is no obvious way forward out of the
current antagonistic climate. In the absence of any constructive
initiatives the system appears chaotic. Everyone from seasoned
trade policy veterans, business people engaging in international
transactions, to domestic politicians and voters seem confused and
apprehensive given the complexity of the problems brought by
globalization. In just over a decade, the WTO has gone from an
institution that was imbued with considerable optimism to one in
deep crisis. The author explores in detail the major issues
confronting the international trading system that have hitherto not
enjoyed a great deal of attention. He provides insights that will
inform the debate and discounts some of the simplistic solutions
that are all too often proffered. Informative, accessible and
thought provoking, this book combines economic analysis with law,
political science and institutional development within an
historical context. As such, it will prove a fascinating read for a
wide ranging audience encompassing academics and students of
economics, international economics and international law, trade
officials in both governments and NGOs, as well as trade
policymakers in developing and developed countries.
The Handbook on International Trade Policy is an insightful and
comprehensive reference tool focusing on trade policy issues in the
era of globalization. Each specially commissioned chapter deals
with important international trade issues, discusses the current
literature on the subject, and explores major controversies. The
Handbook also directs the interested reader to further sources of
information. The expert contributors cover both traditional and
more current concerns including: * history of thought on trade
policy * the development of multilateral organizations such as the
World Trade Organization * border restrictions and subsidies *
regional trade agreements * trade and the environment * animal,
plant and food safety measures * international protection of
intellectual property and sanctions. Presenting a broad and
state-of-the-art perspective on the topic, this highly accessible
Handbook will prove an invaluable resource to researchers,
academics, policymakers and practitioners concerned with
international trade policy.
The Handbook on International Trade Policy is an insightful and
comprehensive reference tool focusing on trade policy issues in the
era of globalization. Each specially commissioned chapter deals
with important international trade issues, discusses the current
literature on the subject, and explores major controversies. The
Handbook also directs the interested reader to further sources of
information. The expert contributors cover both traditional and
more current concerns including: * history of thought on trade
policy * the development of multilateral organizations such as the
World Trade Organization * border restrictions and subsidies *
regional trade agreements * trade and the environment * animal,
plant and food safety measures * international protection of
intellectual property and sanctions. Presenting a broad and
state-of-the-art perspective on the topic, this highly accessible
Handbook will prove an invaluable resource to researchers,
academics, policymakers and practitioners concerned with
international trade policy.
This book discusses the regulatory and trade challenges facing the
global adoption of biotechnological products and offers strategies
for overcoming these obstacles and moving towards greater global
food security. The first section of the book establishes the
context of the conflict, discussing the challenges of global
governance, international trade, and the history of regulation of
genetically modified (GM) crops. In this section, the authors
emphasize the shift from exclusively science-based regulation to
the more socio-economically focused framework established by the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which was adopted in 2000. The
second section of the book provides a snapshot of the current state
of international GM crop adoption and regulation, highlighting the
US, Canada, and the EU. The final section of the book identifies
options for breaking the gridlock of regulation and trade that
presently exist. This book adds to the current literature by
providing new information about innovative agricultural
technologies and encouraging debate by providing an alternative to
the narratives espoused by environmental non-governmental
organizations. This book will appeal to students of economics,
political science, and policy analysis, as well as members of
regulatory agencies and agricultural industry firms.
`This is a well-researched book outlining the salient features of
trends in trade relations between India and the EU. The trade
between the EU and India has grown substantially in the last decade
as more trade friendly policies are pursued. The argument is
presented with attention to details and the book is a source of
valuable data, for example about developments in new sectors of
economic co-operation. The authors write clearly and their book is
an excellent source of reference for trend data.' - Shanti P.
Chakravarty, University of Bangor, UK `While there are no shortages
of contributions on the theory or political economy of trade
globalization, this monograph addresses the practical and applied
side of all stages of trade negotiations between the EU, a group of
countries with disparate production and hence trades structures,
and an emerging economy. Written in a clear, jargon free style,
this publication will be an extremely useful read for academics,
policy makers and practitioners specializing in European and
emerging countries trade issues.' - Dipak Ghosh, University of
Stirling, UK This unique book provides an assessment of an
Indian-EU agreement, drawing on the theory of preferential
agreements, the history of India-European relations and the recent
refocusing of the Indian economy. The authors explore both a broad
overview of the agreement as well as a detailed examination of
sensitive sectors. A preferential trade agreement between India and
the EU fires the imagination. It encompasses one fifth of humanity,
connecting a large developed single market together with a major
developing economy, together representing sufficient scope and
diversity to capture almost all the gains expected from
globalization. After a broad discussion of the agreement, the book
focuses on two sensitive sectors - clothing and footwear, including
the results of a stakeholder survey regarding non-tariff barriers
in these industries. The book concludes that realizing the
potential benefits of an India-EU agreement will depend on a clear
understanding of the existing barriers to trade, careful
negotiations and the willingness to implement what has been agreed.
Business executives in both Europe and India as well as officials
in the Indian government and EU Commission will find this
innovative book a fascinating read.
Trade negotiations are complex interactive processes that bring a
combination of existing trade law, the pleadings of special
interests and economic theory together in the give and take of
compromise, bluff and strategic alliances. Trade disputes involving
food and other agricultural products - controversial subjects such
as genetically modified foods and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - are
the subject of newspaper headlines almost daily. As developing
countries demand improved access to European and US markets for
their products, international trade has moved into a new era and is
now at the heart of trade negotiations. Economic Analysis for
International Trade Negotiations provides an analytical framework
in which to examine the complex economic issues which arise in
international trade negotiations. This framework is developed using
examples arising from current contentious issues in the
international trade in agricultural products including market
access, subsidies, non-tariff barriers, health regulations and
biotechnology. The volume concludes with a discussion on the future
of trade. Providing a link between economic theory and the WTO,
this comprehensive volume will be of great interest to academics
specialising in international trade, international relations,
agri-business and international business.
This highly accessible book explains the theoretical, historical
and political background of the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), its impact and the debates surrounding its existence. In
addition the authors provide a brief introduction to the theory of
economic integration as well as a succinct overview of the
evolution of the global economy, and the institutions that manage
it, in the post World War II period. Key issues examined include: *
how and why NAFTA emerged in the early 1990s and its performance
since implementation * the economic development and commercial
policy of each member country in the context of the rapidly
changing global economy * NAFTA's technical strengths and
limitations * the debates which still rage between its proponents
and critics The team of US, Canadian and Mexican authors argue that
while NAFTA has introduced novel social and environmental
innovations in trade agreements, given Mexico's macroeconomic
volatility, it provides a less than perfect approach for managing
North America's rapidly expanding economic integration. North
American Economic Integration can be used by a wide audience from
students to professionals and academics from any discipline with an
understanding of the basic principles of economics. Specifically,
the book will be welcomed by students of international economics,
political economy and international relations.
The Making of the Modern Law: Legal Treatises, 1800-1926 includes
over 20,000 analytical, theoretical and practical works on American
and British Law. It includes the writings of major legal theorists,
including Sir Edward Coke, Sir William Blackstone, James Fitzjames
Stephen, Frederic William Maitland, John Marshall, Joseph Story,
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and Roscoe Pound, among others. Legal
Treatises includes casebooks, local practice manuals, form books,
works for lay readers, pamphlets, letters, speeches and other works
of the most influential writers of their time. It is of great value
to researchers of domestic and international law, government and
politics, legal history, business and economics, criminology and
much more.++++The below data was compiled from various
identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title.
This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure
edition identification: ++++Harvard Law School
LibraryCTRG95-B3251Includes index.St. Paul, Minn.: Keefe-Davidson,
1902. xi, 917 p.; 24 cm
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!
This book provides a guide to the progress made thus far in the
transformation of Russian industry from exclusive reliance on state
enterprises during the communist era to modern-oriented private
sector firms. Further, it outlines the remaining constraints to the
full transition of Russia into a modern market economy and how to
remove those constraints in the future. The book combines
theoretical discussions and real world experiences relating to
post-communist Russian industrial development. Case studies of
centrally important Russian industries wound out the book's
approach. The book is the result of a long-term collaboration
between Russian authors and authors based in modern market
economies. Hence, it draws upon the expertise of those who have
directly experienced Russian industry in transition as well as
those who can put that experience within the larger context of the
process of transition in a range of former communist countries.
Biotechnological innovations in the past 30 years have raised many
questions about how we can reap the benefits of transformative
science and technology through responsible and sustainable use.
Biotechnology has the potential both for better or worse to
enhance, undercut or change as much as 40 per cent of the world's
economy, to fundamentally alter our relationship with nature and to
question our sense of self.
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