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The enslaved population of medieval Iberia composed only a small
percentage of the general populace at any given point, and slave
labor was not essential to the regional economy during the period.
Yet slaves were present in Iberia from the beginning of recorded
history until the early modern era, and the regulations and norms
for slavery and servitude shifted as time passed and kingdoms rose
and fell. The Romans brought their imperially sanctioned forms of
slavery to the Iberian peninsula, and these were adapted by
successive Christian kingdoms during the Middle Ages. The Muslim
conquest of Iberia introduced new ideas about slavery and effected
an increase in slave trade. During the later Middle Ages and the
early modern period, slave owners in Christian Spain and Portugal
maintained slaves at home, frequently captives taken in wars and
sea raids, and exported their slave systems to colonies across the
Atlantic."Slavery in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia" provides a
magisterial survey of the many forms of bound labor in Iberia from
ancient times to the decline of slavery in the eighteenth century.
William D. Phillips, Jr., examines the pecuniary and legal terms of
slavery from purchase to manumission. He pays particular attention
to the conditions of life for the enslaved, which, in a religiously
diverse society, differed greatly for Muslims and Christians as
well as for men and women. This sweeping narrative will become the
definitive account of slavery in a place and period that deeply
influenced the forms of forced servitude that shaped the New
World.
World-leading researchers, including Nobel Laureates and rising
young stars, examine some of the most important and fundamental
questions at the forefronts of modern science, philosophy, and
theology, taking into account recent discoveries from a range of
fields. This fascinating book is ideal for anyone seeking answers
to deep questions about the universe and human life. The remarkable
career of Charles H. Townes, inventor of the maser and laser for
which he shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics, has spanned seven
decades. His interests have ranged from the origin of the Universe
to the structure of molecules, always focusing on the nature of
human life. Honouring his work, this book explores the most basic
questions of science, philosophy, and the nature of existence: How
did the Universe begin? Why do the fundamental constants of nature
have the values they do? What is human consciousness, and do we
have free will?
The rich cultural and political life of Spain has emerged from its
complex history, from the diversity of its peoples, and from
continual contact with outside influences. This updated edition
traces that history from prehistoric times to the present, focusing
particularly on culture, society, politics, and personalities.
Written in an engaging style, it introduces readers to key themes
that have shaped Spain's history and culture. These include its
varied landscapes and climates; the impact of waves of diverse
human migrations; the importance of its location as a bridge
between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and Europe and Africa;
and religion, particularly militant Catholic Christianity and its
centuries of conflict with Islam and Protestantism, as well as
debates over the place of the church in modern Spain.
Illustrations, maps and a guide to further reading, major cultural
figures, and places to see make the history of this fascinating
country come alive.
The rich cultural and political life of Spain has emerged from its
complex history, from the diversity of its peoples, and from
continual contact with outside influences. This updated edition
traces that history from prehistoric times to the present, focusing
particularly on culture, society, politics, and personalities.
Written in an engaging style, it introduces readers to key themes
that have shaped Spain's history and culture. These include its
varied landscapes and climates; the impact of waves of diverse
human migrations; the importance of its location as a bridge
between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and Europe and Africa;
and religion, particularly militant Catholic Christianity and its
centuries of conflict with Islam and Protestantism, as well as
debates over the place of the church in modern Spain.
Illustrations, maps and a guide to further reading, major cultural
figures, and places to see make the history of this fascinating
country come alive.
World-leading researchers, including Nobel Laureates and rising
young stars, examine some of the most important and fundamental
questions at the forefronts of modern science, philosophy, and
theology, taking into account recent discoveries from a range of
fields. This fascinating book is ideal for anyone seeking answers
to deep questions about the universe and human life. The remarkable
career of Charles H. Townes, inventor of the maser and laser for
which he shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics, has spanned seven
decades. His interests have ranged from the origin of the Universe
to the structure of molecules, always focusing on the nature of
human life. Honouring his work, this book explores the most basic
questions of science, philosophy, and the nature of existence: How
did the Universe begin? Why do the fundamental constants of nature
have the values they do? What is human consciousness, and do we
have free will?
When Columbus was born in the mid-fifteenth century, Europe was isolated in many ways from the rest of the Old World and Europeans did not even know that the world of the Western Hemisphere existed. The voyages of Christopher Columbus opened a period of European exploration and empire building that breached the boundaries of those isolated worlds and changed the course of human history. This book describes the life and times of Christopher Columbus. The story is not just of one man's rise and fall. Seen in its broader context, his life becomes a prism reflecting the broad range of human experience for the past five hundred years.
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