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Interdiction operations are actions to divert, disrupt, delay, or
destroy an enemy's surface capabilities before they can be used
effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve
objectives. In support of law enforcement, interdiction includes
activities conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, intercept, board,
detain, or destroy, under lawful authority, vessels, vehicles,
aircraft, people, cargo, and money. Joint force commanders (JFCs)
integrate and synchronize operations and employ military forces and
capabilities, as well as nonmilitary resources, across the range of
military operations resulting in greater combat power and
operational effectiveness. JFCs arrange symmetrical and
asymmetrical actions to take advantage of friendly strengths and
enemy vulnerabilities and to preserve freedom of action for future
operations. Interdiction can create opportunities for commanders to
exploit and should be integrated with other operations of the joint
force. The purpose of interdiction operations is to prevent the
adversary from using assets at the time and place of his choosing.
This publication provides doctrine for planning, preparing,
executing, and assessing joint interdiction operations.
This publication provides joint doctrine and information for the
planning, preparation, and execution of legal support to joint
military operations. This publication has been prepared under the
direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and has
been reviewed favorably by the General Counsel of the Department of
Defense as the Chief Legal Officer of the Department. It sets forth
joint doctrine to guide the activities and performance of the Armed
Forces of the United States in operations and provides the
doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military
involvement in multinational operations. It provides military
guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and
other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine
for operations and training. It provides military guidance for use
by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. This
publication is not intended to restrict the authority of the JFC in
organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC
deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the
accomplishment of the overall objective. Joint doctrine established
in this publication applies to the comm anders of combatant
commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate
components of these commands, and the Services. The guidance in
this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be
followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional
circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the
contents of this publication and the contents of Service
publications, this publication will take precedence unless the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination
with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided
more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating
as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command
should follow multinational doctrine and procedures approved by the
United States. For doctrine and procedures not approved by the
United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the
multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable
and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.
A joint task force (JTF) is established when the scope, complexity,
or other factors of the contingency or crisis require capabilities
of Services from at least two Military Departments operating under
a single joint force commander (JFC). The JTF establishing
authority designates the commander, joint task force (CJTF),
assigns the mission, designates forces, delegates command
authorities and relationships, and provides other command and
control (C2) guidance necessary for the CJTF to form the joint
force and begin operations. The appropriate authority may establish
a JTF on a geographic or functional basis or a combination of the
two. In either case, the establishing authority typically assigns a
joint operations area (JOA) to the JTF. The size, composition,
capabilities, and other attributes will vary significantly among
JTFs based on the mission and various factors of the operational
environment, such as the adversary, the geography of the JO A, the
nature of the crisis (e.g., flood, earthquake), and the time
available to accomplish the mission. Joint functions are related
capabilities and activities grouped together to help the JFC and
component commanders integrate, synchronize, and direct joint
operations. Functions that are common to joint operations at all
levels of war fall into six basic groups: C2, intelligence, fires,
movement and maneuver, protection, and sustainment. The Basic
Element of the JTF Staff is the Directorate. Typically, these are
the manpower and personnel directorate of a joint staff (J-1),
intelligence directorate of a joint staff (J-2), operations
directorate of a joint staff (J-3), logistics directorate of a
joint staff (J-4), plans directorate of a joint staff (J-5), and
communications system directorate of a joint staff (J-6). The CJTF,
joint force staff, and components may operate with m any
interorganizational partners throughout the course of a single
operation. The nature of interaction and considerations (type,
authorities, protocols, etc.) vary with each potential partner.
This publication provides joint doctrine for the formation and
employment of a JTF HQ to C2 joint operations. It provides guidance
on the role of the JTF HQ in planning, preparing, executing, and
assessing JTF operations.
Engineer capabilities are a significant force multiplier in joint
operations, facilitating the freedom of action necessary for the
joint force commander (JFC) to meet mission objectives. Engineer
operations modify, maintain, provide understanding of, and protect
the physical environment. Joint doctrine for engineer operations is
built upon, and consistent with, the principles of joint operations
described in Joint Publication (JP) 1, Doctrine for the Armed
Forces of the United States, and JP 3-0, Joint Operations. Engineer
operations enhance the ability of the JFC to successfully apply
these principles to joint operations.Major operations and campaigns
frequently require ground combat (or the possibility of ground
combat), as do crisis response and contingency operations. Such
operations will require engineers who can integrate their
activities with the fires and maneuver of ground combat forces to
assure the mobility of friendly forces, alter the mobility of
adversaries, and enhance the protection of friendly forces. Some
activities require engineer capabilities as an inherent part of a
mission to provide support outside the joint force. Engineer
support is inherent in the tasks of stability operations to restore
or provide essential services, such as water, power, and
transportation, and to repair critical infrastructure. This
publication provides doctrine for the planning, command and
control, execution, and assessment of joint engineer operations.
This publication has been prepared under the direction of the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth joint doctrine
to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the
United States in operations and provides the doctrinal basis for
interagency coordination and for US military involvement in
multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the
exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force
commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations and
training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces
in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this
publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing
the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most
appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the
overall objective.
Noncombatant evacuation operations (NEOs) are conducted to assist
the Department of State (DOS) in evacuating US citizens, Department
of Defense (DOD) civilian personnel, and designated host nation
(HN) and third country nationals (TCNs) whose lives are in danger
from locations in a foreign nation to an appropriate safe haven.
The United States Government (USG) will consider evacuating TCNs
and host country nationals on a case-bycase, space
available/reimbursable basis. Although normally considered in
connection with hostile action, evacuation may also be conducted in
anticipation of, or in response to, any natural or man-made
disaster. NEOs have special characteristics. NEOs have
humanitarian, military, economic, diplomatic, and political
implications. NEOs usually involve swift insertion of a force,
temporary occupation of an objective, and a planned withdrawal upon
completion of the mission. The command and control structure and
the political and diplomatic factors involved in timing the
execution of the military support of NEOs make them different from
other military operations. During NEOs, the US ambassador, not the
geographic combatant commander (GCC) or subordinate joint force
commander (JFC), is the senior USG authority for the evacuation
and, as such, is ultimately responsible for the successful
completion of the NEO and the safety of the evacuees. The decision
to evacuate a US embassy and the order to execute a NEO is
political. The GCC may decide to create a joint task force (JTF) to
conduct a NEO or may task a component commander to conduct the NEO.
Rules of engagement may be such that the JTF should be prepared to
protect personnel (military and evacuees) from a wide variety of
threats while not necessarily having the authority to preempt
hostile actions by proactive military measures. NEOs may occur in
permissive, uncertain, or hostile environments. Evacuation
operations are characterized by uncertainty and may be directed
without warning because of sudden changes in a country's
government, reoriented diplomatic or military relationships with
the United States, a sudden hostile threat to US citizens from a
force within or external to an HN, or a devastating natural or
man-made disaster. Some key factors in noncombatant evacuation
planning are situational awareness; a correct appraisal and
understanding of the changing diplomatic, political, and military
environment in which the evacuation force will operate; time
constraints and risk; and preparation of the evacuation force for a
situation that may rapidly move from permissive to uncertain or
hostile. Alternative plans should be developed for permissive,
uncertain, and hostile environments. This publication provides
doctrine for planning and conducting joint NEO throughout the range
of military operations. Specific information on repatriation
operations is also provided.
The Joint Mortuary Affairs Program is a broadly based military
program providing for the care and disposition of missing and
deceased personnel, including personal effects (PE). Based on the
guidance and direction of the Secretary of Defense (SecDef) and the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Joint Mortuary Affairs
Program provides guidance to the combatant commands and Services.
Policy as stated in Department of Defense Directive (DODD) 1300.22,
Mortuary Affairs Policy, is that the human remains of all members
of the Armed Forces of the United States will be returned for
permanent disposition in accordance with the decedent's will or the
laws of the state (territory, possession, or country) of the
decedent's legal residence as directed by the person authorized to
direct disposition of human remains (PADD). During peacetime and
peace operations, mortuary services are provided at the local level
by regional Service mortuaries or through established Service
contracts. During military operations when local support
capabilities are exceeded or not available, the Department of
Defense (DOD) can direct all human remains go to a specified
mortuary, normally the Port Mortuary at Dover Air Force Base,
Delaware. The specified mortuary will provide positive
identification (ID) (if augmented by Armed Forces Medical Examiner
System), mortuary services, and return human remains to a place
designated by the PADD for permanent disposition. This publication
provides joint doctrine for MA support in joint operations. It
outlines procedures for the search, recovery, evacuation (to
include tracking of human remains), tentative ID, processing,
and/or temporary interment of human remains. This publication
addresses both the DOD's MA responsibilities in regards to civil
support duties under Commander, USNORTHCOM and to the other GCCs.
It further addresses decontam ination procedures for handling
contaminated human remains and provides for the handling of PE of
deceased and missing personnel.
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