The trial of the "German doctors" exposed atrocities of Nazi medical science and led to the Nuremberg Code governing human experimentation. In Japan, Unit 731 carried out hideous experiments on captured Chinese and downed American pilots. In the United States, stories linger of biological experimentation during the Korean War. This collection of essays looks at the dark medical research conducted during and after World War II. Contributors describe this research, how it was brought to light, and the rationalizations of those who perpetrated and benefited from it; look at the response to the revelations of this horrific research and its implications for present-day medicine and ethics; and offer lessons about human experimentation in an age of human embryo research and genetic engineering.

This collection of Abe's essays is a welcome addition to philosophy and comparative philosophy.

Why would a country strongly influenced by Buddhism's reverence for life allow legalized, widely used abortion? Equally puzzling to many Westerners is the Japanese practice of "mizuko" rites, in which the parents of aborted fetuses pray for the well-being of these rejected "lives." In this provocative investigation, William LaFleur examines abortion as a window on the culture and ethics of Japan. At the same time he contributes to the Western debate on abortion, exploring how the Japanese resolve their conflicting emotions privately and avoid the pro-life/pro-choice politics that sharply divide Americans on the issue.

According to the contributors to this volume, the relationship of Buddhism and the arts in Japan is less the rendering of Buddhist philosophical ideas through artistic imagery than it is the development of concepts and expressions in a virtually inseparable unity. By challenging those who consider religion to be the primary phenomenon and art the secondary arena for the apprehension of religious meanings, these essays reveal the collapse of other dichotomies as well. Touching on works produced at every social level, they explore a fascinating set of connections within Japanese culture and move to re-envision such usual distinctions as religion and art, sacred and secular, Buddhism and Shinto, theory and substance, elite and popular, and even audience and artist. The essays range from visual and literary hagiographies to No drama, to Sermon-Ballads, to a painting of the Nirvana of Vegetables. The contributors to the volume are James H. Foard, Elizabeth ten Grotenhuis, Frank Hoff, Laura S. Kaufman, William R. LaFleur, Susan Matisoff, Barbara Ruch, Yoshiaki Shimizu, and Royall Tyler. Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

According to the contributors to this volume, the relationship of Buddhism and the arts in Japan is less the rendering of Buddhist philosophical ideas through artistic imagery than it is the development of concepts and expressions in a virtually inseparable unity. By challenging those who consider religion to be the primary phenomenon and art the secondary arena for the apprehension of religious meanings, these essays reveal the collapse of other dichotomies as well. Touching on works produced at every social level, they explore a fascinating set of connections within Japanese culture and move to re-envision such usual distinctions as religion and art, sacred and secular, Buddhism and Shinto, theory and substance, elite and popular, and even audience and artist. The essays range from visual and literary hagiographies to No drama, to Sermon-Ballads, to a painting of the Nirvana of Vegetables. The contributors to the volume are James H. Foard, Elizabeth ten Grotenhuis, Frank Hoff, Laura S. Kaufman, William R. LaFleur, Susan Matisoff, Barbara Ruch, Yoshiaki Shimizu, and Royall Tyler.

Originally published in 1992.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

William LaFleur (1936-2010), an eminent scholar of Japanese studies, left behind a substantial number of influential publications, as well as several unpublished works. The most significant of these examines debates concerning the practice of organ transplantation in Japan and the United States, and is published here for the first time. This provocative book challenges the North American medical and bioethical consensus that considers the transplantation of organs from brain dead donors as an unalloyed good. It joins a growing chorus of voices that question the assumption that brain death can be equated facilely with death. It provides a deep investigation of debates in Japan, introducing numerous Japanese bioethicists whose work has never been treated in English. It also provides a history of similar debates in the United States, problematizing the commonly held view that the American public was quick and eager to accept the redefinition of death. A work of intellectual and social history, this book also directly engages with questions that grow ever more relevant as the technologies we develop to extend life continue to advance. While the benefits of these technologies are obvious, their costs are often more difficult to articulate. Calling attention to the risks associated with our current biotech trajectory, LaFleur stakes out a highly original position that does not fall neatly onto either side of contemporary US ideological divides.

The induction of D gen into the modern academic world, or per-haps more accurately, the academic world's first real engagement with D gen came about 1924 when Watsuji Tetsur (1889-1960) published a provocative essay entitled "Shaman D gen." It was this essay that to many of Watsuji's contemporaries seemed to rescue D gen from what they considered to be his entrapment for nearly seven centuries in the sectarian embrace of the S t school. Watsuji insisted that D gen no longer should be thought of as belonging exclusively to the monastic community. Claiming, instead, that D gen "belongs to mankind," Watsuji with this declaration initiated the non-sectarian study of this thirteenth-century figure and in effect commenced what are called D gen Studies [Dagen kenkyii] in modern times. As one way of exploring what it might possibly mean to say that D gen "belongs to mankind," the Kuroda Institute held a conference on D gen at Tassajara Springs, California from October 8 to 10, 1981. The essays of this volume are a part of its result.

"A masterly book ...will prove of great assistance to a student of Japanese literature and thought from the eleventh century onwards." (Times Literary Supplement). "A major contribution to the fields of Japanese studies, comparative literature, and history of religions ...a book that begs for classroom use." (The Eastern Buddhist). "Innovative and provocative ...will be of interest not only to specialists in Japanese religion and Japanese culture, but also to literary critics and cultural historians." (Religious Studies Review). "Rich and stimulating material ...an important help and influence to all concerned with understanding the tradition that has shaped Japanese culture and religion." (History of Religions). "Thought provoking, finely written ...one of the more original and creative contributions to the study of medieval culture and religion to be produced by a Western scholar...Can be read with profit by all Western students of Japanese culture ...one of those rare books that has something to offer Japanese specialists in medieval studies." (Journal of Japanese Studies). "A very important contribution to Japanese studies ...a paradigm of the genre." (Pacific Affairs). "This is an exciting, ground-breaking book." (Chanoyu Quarterly). "I have been most impressed and even excited by what I have read." (Donald Keene, Professor Emeritus and Shincho Professor Emeritus of Japanese Literature at Columbia University). "This is one of the most important books in Japanese studies in a long time and will influence the entire field." (Robert Bellah, former Elliott Professor of Sociology, Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley).