This small book is about the slow recovery from the recent recession. In its Part I it addresses the Tea Party and other economic conservatives and sets forth thirty statements they don't want to believe, but must come to believe if they are ever to stop blocking private and government investment spending that will speed our economic recovery. But economic conservatives are not alone in their need to make changes. Economic theory needs to recognize more expansively and more rigorously that getting things done in an economy and especially in a sick economy requires a combination of free markets and economic organization, not free-markets alone. Part II of this book essentially provides the basic postulates of a theory of economic organization. Core principles of economic organizations are: that they exist to economize on the communications costs of markets; that above all truth and open information (transparency) are essential to the communication that supports economic cooperation; that economic organizations exist to serve individuals, not the other way around. This book joins the many other publications that have found Wall Street and all the other major financial markets wanting in respect to both first principles. The third part of this book sets forth specific examples of the changes needed in three major parts of current mainstream economics: Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; and International Economics.

Rays are among the largest fishes in the sea and have colonized all oceans. The first cousins of sharks, rays evolved from early Mesozoic or late Paleozoic shark-like ancestors. They also share with sharks many life history traits-all are carnivores or scavengers-and a multitude of morphological and anatomical characters, such as their skeletons built of cartilage. There are six families and 633 valid named species of rays, but additional undescribed species exist for many groups. Our knowledge of many of the ray species is based on only a small number of individuals, and few of them have been researched well enough to gain even a basic understanding of their biology and life history. The insights gained from molecular analyses of more than three-quarters of living ray species, combined with reinvigorated morphological investigations, have led to many changes in both ray classification and the underpinning species diversity. The recognition of whole new families and genera of rays, and many newly described species, have resulted from this research. In the last century, growth in the trade of rays for food, fins, leather, and curios has fueled increasing prices and demand for them in many countries. This has driven significant increases in ray take by commercial fisheries globally, particularly in the tropical Indo-Pacific. The largely unconstrained growth in ray catch, low productivity of most ray species, and general lack of management of their fisheries has lead to growing concern over the sustainability of stocks throughout the world. Rays of the World is the first complete pictorial atlas of the world's ray fauna and features paintings of more than six hundred species by the fish artist Lindsay Marshall. This comprehensive overview documents the world's ray fauna and promotes wider public interest in the group. It also provides general identifying features and distributional information about this iconic, but surprisingly poorly known, group of fishes. A valuable collection of paintings of all living rays (as well as sharks) has been compiled as part of a multinational research initiative (Chondrichthyan Tree of Life Project) to gain a better understanding of the diversity and evolution of this group. Images sourced from around the planet have been used by the artist to illustrate all of the rays found in oceans and some tropical freshwaters of the world.

This small book is about the slow recovery from the recent recession. In its Part I it addresses the Tea Party and other economic conservatives and sets forth thirty statements they don't want to believe, but must come to believe if they are ever to stop blocking private and government investment spending that will speed our economic recovery. But economic conservatives are not alone in their need to make changes. Economic theory needs to recognize more expansively and more rigorously that getting things done in an economy and especially in a sick economy requires a combination of free markets and economic organization, not free-markets alone. Part II of this book essentially provides the basic postulates of a theory of economic organization. Core principles of economic organizations are: that they exist to economize on the communications costs of markets; that above all truth and open information (transparency) are essential to the communication that supports economic cooperation; that economic organizations exist to serve individuals, not the other way around. This book joins the many other publications that have found Wall Street and all the other major financial markets wanting in respect to both first principles. The third part of this book sets forth specific examples of the changes needed in three major parts of current mainstream economics: Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; and International Economics.

This book presents an extension of economic theory to economic organization. It argues that "economic man" seeks to better his lot through a combination of market maximization and cooperation with others, in contrast with the prominent view that self-seeking in markets must be compromised or society will become "a war of all against all." In Chapter 1, the book presents the basics of a unified economic theory that erases the numerous conflicts between microeconomics, the study of individuals acting in markets and macroeconomics, the study of nation-state economics as a whole. Chapter 2 looks at related other schools of thought in economics, including most notably Law and Economics and Catholic economics. While some others schools of economic thought do treat economic organization, none recognizes that economic organizations exist fundamentally to reduce the costs of the communication that makes possible inter-individual economic cooperation. Chapter 3 tells the story of selected utopian communities, which from the economic point of view were attempts to keep economies small enough so that communications in economic matters were essentially costless. Chapter 4 discusses examples of models in microeconomics that require revision to incorporate a more adequate treatment of communications costs and of the economic organizations created to contain them. Chapters 5 and 6 do the same for macroeconomics and international economics, respectively. Chapter 7 discusses the basic failures of the securities markets, which have degenerated so far from their rational function that secrecy and lying, rather than truth-based economic cooperation is the principal source of profits for securities fims.

This autobiography is about a member of the "greatest generation," a life that began during the First World War and experienced the Great Depression, World War II and the half century since. It is not strictly a chronology, but a telling of events selected for their interest and meaning. In the first of four parts, author William T. White, "Tommy," describes 18 years of pre-World War II life in an Arizona mining town, complete with its substantial race prejudice against Mexicans and even those non-Mexicans who lived where Mexicans lived. Tommy tells of an even more powerful prejudice, variously religious and pseudo- scientific, directed against him and his family because of his sister's epilepsy. Part II describes the author's experiences in World War II, first as a B-17 navigator flying from England and North Africa, and then serving in the Pacific as a radar-bombardier for the B-29 attacks on Japan. Part III covers twenty-years service as a regular Air Force officer, including three action packed years as a military attach in Communist Yugoslavia during the cold war. Part IV describes a post-military academic career that, from many points of view, contained events that are as interesting or even more so than those in military life. Most of the chapters in the book are preceded by a brief small-print note that is a brief quotation or personal comment usually relating to an event described in the chapter. Taken together, these notes constitute a theme, both for the book and for the author's working life. That theme is essentially that good and effective human organizations are those that are based fully on truth and sublimated to the combined best interests of those who own them, workin them and/or are served by them.