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Managing climate variability and change remains a key development
and food security issue in Bangladesh. Despite significant
investments, floods, droughts, and cyclones during the last two
decades continue to cause extensive economic damage and impair
livelihoods. Climate change will pose additional risks to ongoing
efforts to reduce poverty. This book examines the implications of
climate change on food security in Bangladesh and identifies
adaptation measures in the agriculture sector using a comprehensive
integrated framework. First, the most recent science available is
used to characterize current climate and hydrology and its
potential changes. Second, country-specific survey and biophysical
data is used to derive more realistic and accurate agricultural
impact functions and simulations. A range of climate risks (i.e.
warmer temperatures, higher carbon dioxide concentrations, changing
characteristics of floods, droughts and potential sea level rise)
is considered to gain a more complete picture of potential
agriculture impacts. Third, while estimating changes in production
is important, economic responses may to some degree buffer against
the physical losses predicted, and an assessment is made of these.
Food security is dependent not only on production, but also future
food requirements, income levels and commodity prices. Finally,
adaptation possibilities are identified for the sector. This book
is the first to combine these multiple disciplines and analytical
procedures to comprehensively address these impacts. The framework
will serve as a useful guide to design policy intervention
strategies and investments in adaptation measures.
This study takes stock of the current overall water resources
management situation in Armenia including (a) diagnosing different
water sub-sectors (e.g. agriculture, urban, environment, energy),
(b) reviewing the current institutional framework and
implementation status of relevant water-sector policies, (c)
(re)identifying the challenges and (d) making recommendations on
the next steps.
This book was undertaken at a pivotal time in the region. The weak
summer monsoon in 2009 created drought conditions throughout
Pakistan. This followed an already tenuous situation for many rural
households faced with high fuel and fertilizer costs and the
impacts of rising global food prices. Then catastrophic monsoon
flooding in 2010 affected over 20 million people, devastating their
housing, infrastructure, and crops. Damages from this single flood
event were estimated at US$10 billion, half of which were losses in
the agriculture sector. Notwithstanding the debate as to whether
these observed extremes are evidence of climate change, an
investigation is needed regarding the extent to which the country
is resilient to these shocks. It is thus timely, if not critical,
to focus on climate risks for water, agriculture, and food security
in the Indus Basin in Pakistan. This study uses several different
modelling environments including hydrologic models, an
agro-economic optimisation model of the irrigation system, and a
computable general equilibrium model of the Pakistan economy. The
models used here are among the best mathematical representations
available of the physical and economic responses to these exogenous
future climate risks. The integrated systems framework used in this
analysis provides a broad and unique approach to estimating the
hydrologic and crop impacts of climate change risks, the
macro-economic and household-level responses and an effective
method for assessing a variety of adaptation investments and
policies. A better understanding of how these sectors are linked
will help plan future investments in these sectors. Further
collection and analysis of critical input and output observations
(e.g. snow and ice data) as well as practical measures for
improving productivity under a changing climate will enhance this
integrated framework methodology and future climate impact
assessments. Continued refinements to the assessment approach
developed in this volume will further help to sharpen critical
policies and interventions by the Pakistan government.
Managing climate variability and change remains a key development
and food security issue in Bangladesh. Despite significant
investments, floods, droughts, and cyclones during the last two
decades continue to cause extensive economic damage and impair
livelihoods. Climate change will pose additional risks to ongoing
efforts to reduce poverty. This book examines the implications of
climate change on food security in Bangladesh and identifies
adaptation measures in the agriculture sector using a comprehensive
integrated framework. First, the most recent science available is
used to characterize current climate and hydrology and its
potential changes. Second, country-specific survey and biophysical
data is used to derive more realistic and accurate agricultural
impact functions and simulations. A range of climate risks (i.e.
warmer temperatures, higher carbon dioxide concentrations, changing
characteristics of floods, droughts and potential sea level rise)
is considered to gain a more complete picture of potential
agriculture impacts. Third, while estimating changes in production
is important, economic responses may to some degree buffer against
the physical losses predicted, and an assessment is made of these.
Food security is dependent not only on production, but also future
food requirements, income levels and commodity prices. Finally,
adaptation possibilities are identified for the sector. This book
is the first to combine these multiple disciplines and analytical
procedures to comprehensively address these impacts. The framework
will serve as a useful guide to design policy intervention
strategies and investments in adaptation measures.
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