Between 1800 and 1900 the Industrial Revolution swept the United States. Behind this revolution were changes in business organization and advancement in science and technology. This book is concerned with the interaction of these social forces. It demonstrates when and for what reasons the introduction of new manufacturing led to business risks and losses. The study is based on the records of technological innovation in methods of producing iron and steel, in textile machinery, in machine tools, and in electric power equipment.

This volume describes the findings of a longitudinal, birth cohort study of juvenile delinquency in Puerto Rico. Carried out under the auspices of the Puerto Rican Senate's Special Crime Commission, the book represents a new type of birth cohort study, based on the classic work done in Philadelphia. The authors have traced Puerto Rican children born in 1970, both male and female, through the greater San Juan police departments, charting the incidence of delinquency and the number of recurring offenders. These findings are compared to the Philadelphia studies of 1945 and 1958.

The book begins its examination with a discussion of the background for the current study. Literature on juvenile delinquency in Puerto Rico is reviewed, official statistics are cited, and a discussion of the birth cohort and the importance of longitudinal studies is provided. Chapter 2 addresses the prevalence of delinquency, and chapter 3 details its incidence, severity, and types of offenses. Succeeding chapters cover such areas as age and delinquency, delinquent recidivism, and police and court dispositions. The volume concludes with a section on cohort comparisons, a summary of the findings, and some policy implications and suggestions for legislation. A group of appendices is also included. This work will be an important addition for courses in criminology and sociology, as well as a valuable resource for college and university libraries.

This book introduces the theory of stochastic processes with applications taken from physics and finance. Fundamental concepts like the random walk or Brownian motion but also Levy-stable distributions are discussed. Applications are selected to show the interdisciplinary character of the concepts and methods. In the second edition of the book a discussion of extreme events ranging from their mathematical definition to their importance for financial crashes was included. The exposition of basic notions of probability theory and the Brownian motion problem as well as the relation between conservative diffusion processes and quantum mechanics is expanded. The second edition also enlarges the treatment of financial markets. Beyond a presentation of geometric Brownian motion and the Black-Scholes approach to option pricing as well as the econophysics analysis of the stylized facts of financial markets, an introduction to agent based modeling approaches is given.

This book introduces the theory of stochastic processes with applications taken from physics and finance. Fundamental concepts like the random walk or Brownian motion but also Levy-stable distributions are discussed. Applications are selected to show the interdisciplinary character of the concepts and methods. In the second edition of the book a discussion of extreme events ranging from their mathematical definition to their importance for financial crashes was included. The exposition of basic notions of probability theory and the Brownian motion problem as well as the relation between conservative diffusion processes and quantum mechanics is expanded. The second edition also enlarges the treatment of financial markets. Beyond a presentation of geometric Brownian motion and the Black-Scholes approach to option pricing as well as the econophysics analysis of the stylized facts of financial markets, an introduction to agent based modeling approaches is given.

From the reviews: "While this book is oriented toward students of physics, it could well be appreciated by a wider mathematical audience [ ] The text offers a rare opportunity to have a unified and modern treatment of stochastic processes in physics and finance." Bulletin of Mathematics Books

Thisvolumeconstitutestheproceedingsofthe2005 Advanced Research Working C- ference on Correct Hardware-like Design and Veri?cation Methods. CHARME 2005 washeldattheVictor sResidenz-Hotel, Saarbruck ] en, Germany,3 6October2005. CHARME2005wasthethirteenthinaseriesofworkingconferencesdevotedtothe developmentandtheuseofleading-edgeformaltechniquesandtoolsforthespeci?- tion, design and veri?cationof hardwareand hardware-likesystems. Previousconf- encesundertheCHARMEnamehavebeenheldinTurin(1991), Arles(1993), Fra- furt (1995), Montreal (1997), Bad Herrenalb (1999), Edinburgh (2001) and L Aquila (2003).Prioreventsintheserieswerestartedintheearlydaysofformalhardwarev- i?cation, and wereheld undervariousnamesin Darmstadt (1984), Edinburgh(1985), Grenoble(1986), Glasgow (1988), and Leuven(1989).It is nowwell established that CHARMEtakesplaceonodd-numberedyears, androtatesprimarilyinEurope.Itisthe biennialcounterpartofitssisterconferenceFMCAD, whichhastakenplaceeveryeven yearintheUSAsince1996. CHARME 2005 was sponsored by the IFIP TC10/WG10.5 Working Group on Design and Engineering of Electronic Systems and its Special Interest Group SIG- CHARME. It was organized by the Computer Science Department of Saarland University. Thisyear, twokindsofcontributionsweresolicited: (i)fullpapers, describingor- inalresearchwork, intendedforanoralplenarypresentation, (ii)shortpapers, descr- ingongoinglessmatureresearchworkintendedforpresentationaspostersorresearch prototypedemonstrations. Two very long sessions were allocated to poster and int- active presentations, with the aim of giving an emphasis on the working aspect of the working conference, where discussion of new or un?nished results and feedback are an essential aspect of the event.The community was extremely responsiveto this viewpoint: we received a total number of 79 submitted papers, out of which 21 long contributionsand 18 short contributionswere accepted for presentationat the conf- enceandinclusioninthisvolume.Allpapersreceivedaminimumofthreereviews. For the conferenceprogram outside the refereed talks we put emphasis on the - latedtopicsoftoolintegrationandpervasivesystemveri?cation.Thedayprecedingthe workingconferencefeaturedhands-ondemonstrationsfornumerousveri?cationtools; italsofeaturedatutorialonsystemveri?cationbymembersoftheVerisoftproject.The overall program of CHARME 2005 included an invited keynote address by Wolfram B] uttner on industrial processor veri?cation and a round table discussion about mixed techniquesforverylargehardware-softwaresystemsinitiatedwithaninvitedpresen- tionbyMasaharuImaiandAkiraKitajima. A quality conference such as CHARME results from the work of many people. We wish to thank the membersof the ProgramCommittee and the externalreviewers fortheirhardworkinevaluatingthesubmissionsandinselectinghighqualitypapers