This and volume no. 47of "Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry" is composed of eight chapters covering topics having relevance both in corrosion science and materials engineering. In particular, the first seven chapters provide comprehensive coverage of recent advances in corrosion science."

This book explores recent advances in the Internet of things (IoT) via advanced technologies and provides an overview of most aspects which are relevant for advance secure, distributed, decentralized blockchain technology in the Internet of things, their applications, and industry IoT. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the step-by-step evolution of IoT to create a change by enhancing the productivity of industries. It introduces how connected things, data, and their communication (data sharing) environment build a transparent, reliable, secure environment for people, processes, systems, and services with the help of blockchain technology.

This is the world 's first edited book on independent component analysis (ICA)-based blind source separation (BSS) of convolutive mixtures of speech. This book brings together a small number of leading researchers to provide tutorial-like and in-depth treatment on major ICA-based BSS topics, with the objective of becoming the definitive source for current, comprehensive, authoritative, and yet accessible treatment.

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a signal-processing method to extract independent sources given only observed data that are mixtures of the unknown sources. Recently, blind source separation by ICA has received considerable attention because of its potential signal-processing applications such as speech enhancement systems, telecommunications, medical signal-processing and several data mining issues. This book presents theories and applications of ICA and includes invaluable examples of several real-world applications. Based on theories in probabilistic models, information theory and artificial neural networks, several unsupervised learning algorithms are presented that can perform ICA. The seemingly different theories such as infomax, maximum likelihood estimation, negentropy maximization, nonlinear PCA, Bussgang algorithm and cumulant-based methods are reviewed and put in an information theoretic framework to unify several lines of ICA research. An algorithm is presented that is able to blindly separate mixed signals with sub- and super-Gaussian source distributions. The learning algorithms can be extended to filter systems, which allows the separation of voices recorded in a real environment (cocktail party problem). The ICA algorithm has been successfully applied to many biomedical signal-processing problems such as the analysis of electroencephalographic data and functional magnetic resonance imaging data. ICA applied to images results in independent image components that can be used as features in pattern classification problems such as visual lip-reading and face recognition systems. The ICA algorithm can furthermore be embedded in an expectation maximization framework for unsupervised classification. Independent Component Analysis: Theory and Applications is the first book to successfully address this fairly new and generally applicable method of blind source separation. It is essential reading for researchers and practitioners with an interest in ICA.

This book focuses on how current and prospective teachers worldwide are prepared for the significant task of teaching geography, given the important role of teachers. It eschews a traditional career-centric framework (pre-service, in-service teaching) in favor of a topical approach toward issues that all teachers face. The book updates thinking on geography education subfields such as GI education and fieldwork and traces important contemporary discourses such as digitalization and sustainability. The book further explains the broad variety of institutionalization of geography teacher education in various political systems. In short, this book collects strategies for geography teacher educators worldwide to provide insight into the challenges, conditions, and solutions present at the classroom and institutional level. As such, this book is a must-have for teacher educators and geography teachers worldwide.

The world consumes over 300 million tonnes of plastic each year. But when did we start using plastic? And why? Where does all the plastic waste go? Journey through the life cycle of plastic - how plastics are produced, the many uses of plastics throughout the last century, how our plastic use has spiralled out of control, and what we can do about it.

This book challenges the dominant tendency in world Englishes scholarship to rely on the 'nation' as a static spatial entity and reliable analytic category. Using the transnational Korean context as a case in point, the authors analyse how the practices and ideologies of the English language reflect the complex and unexpected flows of globalisation. Examining topics such as the spoken English of South Korean youth and English education in North Korea, this interdisciplinary work gathers both established and emerging scholars from a range of language-related fields to evaluate English as a dynamic and evolving language beyond purely 'English-speaking' countries. This edited collection will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of world Englishes, multilingualism, second language acquisition and globalisation.

This book is a study of how the theories and actual practices of a Pan-Asian empire were produced during Japan's war, 1931-1945. As Japan invaded China and conducted a full-scale war against the United States in the late 1930s and early 1940s, several versions of a Pan-Asian empire were presented by Japanese intellectuals, in order to maximize wartime collaboration and mobilization in China and the colonies. A broad group of social scientists - including Royama Masamichi, Kada Tetsuji, Ezawa Joji, Takata Yasuma, and Shinmei Masamichi - presented highly politicized visions of a new Asia characterized by a newly shared Asian identity. Critically examining how Japanese social scientists contrived the logic of a Japan-led East Asian community, Part I of this book demonstrates the violent nature of imperial knowledge production which buttresses colonial developmentalism. In Part II, the book also explores questions around the (re)making of colonial Korea as part of Japan's regional empire, generating theoretical and realistic tensions between resistance and collaboration. Japan's Pan-Asian Empire provides original theoretical perspectives on the construction of a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural empire. It will appeal to students and scholars of modern Japanese history, colonial and postcolonial studies, as well as Korean studies.

The volume explores the social, cultural, and historical forms of "language" that have come to be associated with "Asia" as a global phenomenon and their implications for better understanding the contemporary linguistic and political landscape in Asias. The book examines the flows of migration, people, cultures, and language resources within, across, through, to, and from Asias in tandem with social, political, and ideological factors, drawing on case studies of global iterations of a wide range of Asian national and cultural imaginaries. In so doing, the volume builds on the growing body of scholarship on the sociolinguistics of globalization in its critical inquiries into the linguistic and cultural practices that have come to be constitutive of national or supranational localities toward unpacking the forces of globalization more broadly. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars interested in sociolinguistics, multilingualism, linguistic anthropology, Asian Studies, and Asian American studies.

Translingualism refers to an orientation in scholarship that recognizes the fluidity of language boundaries and endorses a greater tolerance for the plurality of Englishes worldwide. However, it is possible that translingualism exacerbates the very problems it seeks to redress. This book seeks to destabilize underlying attitudes inherent in the narrowly conceptualized view of Englishes by pushing forward current theories of translingualism and integrating cutting-edge scholarship from sociolinguistics, critical theory, and composition studies. The Politics of Translingualism pays particular attention to the politics of evaluating language, including different Englishes, at a moment of unprecedented linguistic plurality worldwide. The book draws on analyses of a wide range of artifacts, from television commercials, social media comments, contemporary and canonical poetry, contemporary and historical English phrasebooks, commercial shop signs, and the writing of multilingual university students. The volume also looks outside the classroom, featuring interviews with recruiters in a number of professional fields to examine the ways in which language ideologies about Englishes can impact students entering the workforce. This book offers an innovative take on current debates on multilingualism and global Englishes, serving as an ideal resource for students and scholars in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, composition studies, education, and cultural studies.

This book is a study of how the theories and actual practices of a Pan-Asian empire were produced during Japan's war, 1931-1945. As Japan invaded China and conducted a full-scale war against the United States in the late 1930s and early 1940s, several versions of a Pan-Asian empire were presented by Japanese intellectuals, in order to maximize wartime collaboration and mobilization in China and the colonies. A broad group of social scientists - including Royama Masamichi, Kada Tetsuji, Ezawa Joji, Takata Yasuma, and Shinmei Masamichi - presented highly politicized visions of a new Asia characterized by a newly shared Asian identity. Critically examining how Japanese social scientists contrived the logic of a Japan-led East Asian community, Part I of this book demonstrates the violent nature of imperial knowledge production which buttresses colonial developmentalism. In Part II, the book also explores questions around the (re)making of colonial Korea as part of Japan's regional empire, generating theoretical and realistic tensions between resistance and collaboration. Japan's Pan-Asian Empire provides original theoretical perspectives on the construction of a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural empire. It will appeal to students and scholars of modern Japanese history, colonial and postcolonial studies, as well as Korean studies.

Since the late 20th century, graphene-a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice-has garnered appreciable attention as a potential next-generation electronic material due to its exceptional properties. These properties include high current density, ballistic transport, chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity, optical transmittance, and super hydrophobicity at nanometer scale. In contrast to research on its excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties, research on the syntheses of a single sheet of graphene for industrial applications is in its nascent stages. Graphene: Synthesis and Applications reviews the advancement and future directions of graphene research in the areas of synthesis and properties, and explores applications, such as electronics, heat dissipation, field emission, sensors, composites, and energy.

This text is intended for use as an advanced course in either rotordynamics or vibration at the graduate level. This text has mostly grown out of the research work in my laboratory and the lectures given to graduate students in the Mechanical Engineering Department, KAIST. The text contains a variety of topics not normally found in rotordynamics or vibration textbooks. The text emphasizes the analytical aspects and is thus quite different from conventional rotordynamics texts; potential readers are expected to have a firm background in elementary rotordynamics and vibration. In most previously published rotordynamics texts, the behavior of simple rotors has been of a primary concern, while more realistic, multi-degree-f-freedom or continuous systems are seldom treated in a rigorous way, mostly due to the difficulty of a mathematical treatment of such complicated systems. When one wanted to gain a deep insight into dynamic phenomena of complicated rotor systems, one has, in the past, either had to rely on computational techniques, such as the transfer matrix and finite element methods, or cautiously to extend ideas learned from simple rotors whose analytical solutions are readily available. The former methods are limited in the interpretation of results, since the calculations relate only to the simulated case, not to more general system behavior. Ideas learned from simple rotors can, fortunately, often be extended to many practical rotor systems, but there is of course no guarantee of their validity.

Paul lies at the core of the constant debate about the opposition between Christianity and Judaism both in biblical interpretation and public discourse. The so-called new perspective on Paul has not offered a significant break from the formidable paradigm of Christian universalism versus Jewish particularism in Pauline scholarship. This book liberates Paul from the Western logic of identity and its dominant understanding of difference. Drawing attention to the currency of discourses on difference in contemporary theories as well as in biblical studies, the author critically examines the hermeneutical relevance of a contextual and relational understanding of difference. He applies it to interpret the dynamics of Jew-Gentile difference reflected particularly in meal practices (Gal 2:1-21 and Rom 14:1-15:13) of early Christian communities. 'Paul and the Politics of Difference' argues that by deconstructing the hierarchy of social relations underlying the Jew-Gentile difference in different community situations, Paul promotes a politics of difference. This affirms a preferential option for the socially 'weak' - solidarity with the weak. Paul's politics of difference is invoked as the potential for liberation in a vision of egalitarian justice in the face of contemporary globalism's proliferation of difference.

Since the late 20th century, graphene-a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice-has garnered appreciable attention as a potential next-generation electronic material due to its exceptional properties. These properties include high current density, ballistic transport, chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity, optical transmittance, and super hydrophobicity at nanometer scale. In contrast to research on its excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties, research on the syntheses of a single sheet of graphene for industrial applications is in its nascent stages. Graphene: Synthesis and Applications reviews the advancement and future directions of graphene research in the areas of synthesis and properties, and explores applications, such as electronics, heat dissipation, field emission, sensors, composites, and energy.

The world consumes over 300 million tonnes of plastic each year. But when did we start using plastic? And why? Where does all the plastic waste go? Journey through the life cycle of plastic - how plastics are produced and recycled, the many uses of plastics throughout the last century, how our plastic use and pollution has spiralled out of control, and what we can do about it.

Translingualism refers to an orientation in scholarship that recognizes the fluidity of language boundaries and endorses a greater tolerance for the plurality of Englishes worldwide. However, it is possible that translingualism exacerbates the very problems it seeks to redress. This book seeks to destabilize underlying attitudes inherent in the narrowly conceptualized view of Englishes by pushing forward current theories of translingualism and integrating cutting-edge scholarship from sociolinguistics, critical theory, and composition studies. The Politics of Translingualism pays particular attention to the politics of evaluating language, including different Englishes, at a moment of unprecedented linguistic plurality worldwide. The book draws on analyses of a wide range of artifacts, from television commercials, social media comments, contemporary and canonical poetry, contemporary and historical English phrasebooks, commercial shop signs, and the writing of multilingual university students. The volume also looks outside the classroom, featuring interviews with recruiters in a number of professional fields to examine the ways in which language ideologies about Englishes can impact students entering the workforce. This book offers an innovative take on current debates on multilingualism and global Englishes, serving as an ideal resource for students and scholars in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, composition studies, education, and cultural studies.

The present volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is composed of four chapters covering topics having relevance both in corrosion science and materials engineering. All of the chapters provide comprehensive coverage of recent advances in corrosion science. The first chapter, by Maurice and Marcus, provides a comprehensive review on the structural aspects and anti-corrosion properties of passive films on metals and alloys. These authors look at recent experimental data collected by in-situ microscopic techniques coupled with electrochemical methods. A detailed description is given of the nucleation and growth of 2-dimensional passive films at earlier stages, their effect on the corrosion properties of metal surfaces, and the nanostructures of- dimensional passive films. On the basis of the experimental data reviewed, the authors present a model for passivity breakdown and pit initiation, which takes into account the preferential role of grain boundaries. In Chapter 2, Takahashi and his co-workers give a specialized account on the electrochemical and structural properties of anodic oxide films formed on aluminum. In addition to the electrochemical corrosion-related problems of anodic oxide films, the chapter reviews state-of-the-art research of nano-/mic- fabrications based on anodizing treatments combined with chemical/mechanical processes such as laser irradiation, atomic force micro-probe processing and thin film deposition techniques.

This book explores recent advances in the Internet of things (IoT) via advanced technologies and provides an overview of most aspects which are relevant for advance secure, distributed, decentralized blockchain technology in the Internet of things, their applications, and industry IoT. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the step-by-step evolution of IoT to create a change by enhancing the productivity of industries. It introduces how connected things, data, and their communication (data sharing) environment build a transparent, reliable, secure environment for people, processes, systems, and services with the help of blockchain technology.

This book challenges the dominant tendency in world Englishes scholarship to rely on the 'nation' as a static spatial entity and reliable analytic category. Using the transnational Korean context as a case in point, the authors analyse how the practices and ideologies of the English language reflect the complex and unexpected flows of globalisation. Examining topics such as the spoken English of South Korean youth and English education in North Korea, this interdisciplinary work gathers both established and emerging scholars from a range of language-related fields to evaluate English as a dynamic and evolving language beyond purely 'English-speaking' countries. This edited collection will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of world Englishes, multilingualism, second language acquisition and globalisation.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Third Asia Pacific Requirements Engineering Symposium, APRES 2016, held in Nagoya, Japan, in November 2016. The 7 full papers presented together with three short papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on requirements traceability and prioritization; requirements modeling and process for quality; requirements validation; requirements analysis.