|
Showing 1 - 11 of
11 matches in All Departments
The book aims at perfecting the national governance system and
improving national governance ability. It evaluates the balance
sheets of the state and residents, non-financial corporations,
financial institutions and the central bank, the central
government, local government and external sectors - the goal being
to provide a systematic analysis of the characteristics and
trajectory of China's economic expansion and structural adjustment,
as well as objective assessments of short and long-term economic
operations, debt risks and financial risks with regard to the
institutional and structural characteristics of economic
development in market-oriented reform. It puts forward a
preliminary analysis of China's national and sectoral balance
sheets on the basis of scientific estimates of various kinds of
data, analyzes from a new perspective the major issues that are
currently troubling China - development sustainability, government
transformation, local government debt, welfare reform, and the
financial opening-up and stability - and explores corresponding
policies, measures, and institutional arrangements.
With the goal of perfecting the national governance system and
raising the country's governance capability, this book
systematically analyzes the characteristics and trajectory of
China's economic expansion and structural adjustment, while also
assessing a variety of short-term debt and long-term economic
performance and financial risks. In addition to discussing the
market-oriented reform process at the stage of economic
development, institutional and structural characteristics, it
presents research on the country as a whole, its residents,
non-financial corporations, financial institutions and central
banks, the central government, local government, and other external
sectors. On the basis of extensive data, the book analyzes the
national and sectoral balance sheets in China and explores a number
of major issues the country is currently facing, such as
sustainable development, government restructuring, local debt,
welfare reform, openness and stability of the financial system,
etc., as well as suitable policy measures and institutional
arrangements for addressing them.
The book aims at perfecting the national governance system and
improving national governance ability. It evaluates the balance
sheets of the state and residents, non-financial corporations,
financial institutions and the central bank, the central
government, local government and external sectors - the goal being
to provide a systematic analysis of the characteristics and
trajectory of China's economic expansion and structural adjustment,
as well as objective assessments of short and long-term economic
operations, debt risks and financial risks with regard to the
institutional and structural characteristics of economic
development in market-oriented reform. It puts forward a
preliminary analysis of China's national and sectoral balance
sheets on the basis of scientific estimates of various kinds of
data, analyzes from a new perspective the major issues that are
currently troubling China - development sustainability, government
transformation, local government debt, welfare reform, and the
financial opening-up and stability - and explores corresponding
policies, measures, and institutional arrangements.
With the goal of perfecting the national governance system and
raising the country's governance capability, this book
systematically analyzes the characteristics and trajectory of
China's economic expansion and structural adjustment, while also
assessing a variety of short-term debt and long-term economic
performance and financial risks. In addition to discussing the
market-oriented reform process at the stage of economic
development, institutional and structural characteristics, it
presents research on the country as a whole, its residents,
non-financial corporations, financial institutions and central
banks, the central government, local government, and other external
sectors. On the basis of extensive data, the book analyzes the
national and sectoral balance sheets in China and explores a number
of major issues the country is currently facing, such as
sustainable development, government restructuring, local debt,
welfare reform, openness and stability of the financial system,
etc., as well as suitable policy measures and institutional
arrangements for addressing them.
|
Cancer - Spinal Cord, Lung, Breast, Cervical, Prostate, Head & Neck Cancer (Hardcover)
Breanne Lechner, Ronald Chow, Natalie Pulenzas, Marko Popovic, Na Zhang, …
|
R5,834
Discovery Miles 58 340
|
Ships in 12 - 17 working days
|
In Canada over the past fifteen years, there has been a 39% rise in
new cancer patients, necessitating the expansion of current
oncological facilities. The population is getting older and larger,
which in turn is translating into more cases of cancer. Other
reports projecting cancer growth across different countries found
similar results. With the prevalence of cancer expected to increase
in the future, it is important to properly allocate resources
towards cancer research to better serve the population. Patients
with cancer continue to live longer; as such, more elderly
individuals will live with cancer. In fact, cancer has been
classified as a chronic illness alongside diabetes, hypertension,
and heart disease. This may translate to an increased demand for
oncologists, specialist-trained nurses, diagnostic services, cancer
centres, cancer therapies and palliative care. More importantly,
this will translate to an increased necessity for cancer research
to decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with cancer
while improving the quality of care.
With effective systemic therapy and comprehensive supportive care,
patients with metastases can live longer. Breast cancer patients
with only or predominantly bone metastases have a median survival
of 2.3 years following diagnosis, while metastatic prostate cancer
patients have a median survival time of 11.3 months. With recent
advances in research, the overall survivorship of metastatic
patients has increased. The improved quality of care for metastatic
cancer patients has resulted in longer survivorship. Living longer
can lead to a higher chance of development for skeletal-related
events (SREs), which are defined as either spinal cord compression,
hypercalcemia, pathological fractures or a need for palliative
radiation therapy or surgery for bone pain. To try to reduce
pathological fractures, it is important to detect impending
fractures earlier and to administer prophylactic surgery as needed.
Longer survivorship also allows time for the development of brain
metastases. Recent advances incorporating stereotactic radiosurgery
(SRS) have been favored over conventional whole-brain radiation
therapy (WBRT) in the preservation of neurocognitive functions and
survival benefit in patients less than 50 years of age.
Multidisciplinary clinics for brain metastases are again desirable
with the joint input of the radiation oncologists and
neurosurgeons.
Several medical options in palliative care can have complex moral,
religious, cultural, medical and legal issues. These treatment
options, such as assisted suicide, rehydration, parenteral
nutrition and cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been heavily
debated in the literature. Physician-assisted suicide is a
controversial topic for debate, with growing pressure from advocacy
groups for legalisation in regions that have yet to decide.
Currently, there is substantial opposition from concerned medical
professionals. However, a school of medical professionals
acknowledges that physician-assisted suicide may have a role in
terminal care. The debate over the use of artificial nutrition and
hydration (ANH) in terminal illness is also contentious despite
extensive ethical and empirical research. Advocates for and against
ANH both agree that the most compassionate and humane option for
patients near the end of life is hospice and/or palliative care.
However, many of those who support ANH do not seem to appreciate
that the standard palliative practice is to avoid the use of ANH in
almost all instances. These topics remain heavily disputed in the
medical community. In formulating a satisfactory answer, we need to
remind ourselves that we cannot generalise a treatment as a correct
or incorrect option. Rather, we need to consider each case
individually, weigh the risks and benefits of each treatment, and
individually consider treatment options in a multidisciplinary care
model.
Many cancer patients experience a variety of distressing symptoms,
adversely affecting their functional status and quality of life
(QOL). Subjective symptoms such as pain, fatigue and depression are
common among cancer patients, with approximately 33-55% of cancer
patients experiencing pain during the course of their illness.
Previous literature commonly examined a single symptom and its
effect on patients' functional status and QOL, but patients often
experience multiple symptoms simultaneously. Since individual
symptoms are often associated with decreased QOL, the assumption
that symptom clusters might have a greater effect on QOL is
logical. The coexistence of symptoms provides an insight into the
importance of assessing clusters of symptoms rather than focusing
on individual symptoms. Although the focus of single symptoms has
advanced the understanding of those particular symptoms, it may not
be as helpful to health care professionals in guiding practice when
patients present several concurrent symptoms. It is important for
clinicians to address and ultimately treat all concurrent symptoms.
Symptom cluster research will help our understanding and treatment
of multiple symptoms.
This book analyzes the characteristics of China's economic
operation in the new era and explores Xi's thought on China's
development. The book consists of six parts. The first part puts
forward the guiding principles and main contents of political
economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era;
the second part conducts the epistemology and methodology; the
third part reveals the big logic of the new normal of economic
development from the time and space dimension; and the fourth part
examines the purpose, motivation, necessary conditions and
measurement scale of development according to the new development
concept; the fifth part discusses the path of building a modern
economic system; the sixth part focuses on what China Wisdom and
China solution could contribute to the global governance and
promoting global development.
In early stages of cancer, patients are often presented with
treatment options and encouraged to have shared treatment decisions
with their oncologists. Shared decision making becomes particularly
important, as several treatment options with different possible
outcomes and adverse events exist. For example, women with early
breast cancer are counseled on the options of mastectomy versus
lumpectomy and radiation. The same principle should also apply in
late stages of cancer, where cure is usually not possible in
patients with widespread metastases. In these cases, the aim of
treatment should be to relieve symptoms and suffering. Improving
quality of life (QOL) rather than tumor control takes priority in
palliative care. QOL has also been identified as an important
endpoint for new cancer drugs, as determined by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA); as such, cancer drug approval can be based on
improvement of QOL. The use of patient-reported QOL instrument
tools help clinicians determine if certain treatments improve QOL.
The research of palliative interventions should have QOL assessment
to assist clinicians, patients and their family members in shared
decision making.
Im vorliegenden Buch wird ein Ruckblick auf den
Wirtschaftsreformprozess Chinas seit 40 Jahren geworfen. Die
Ausgangssituation, die schrittweise Verbesserung der
marktwirtschaftlichen Struktur und der neue Reformkurs im "tiefen
Wasser" werden dargestellt und analysiert. Die zugrundeliegende
Logik der Wirtschaftsreformen Chinas wird dadurch ans Licht
gebracht. Erstens erweisen sich Reformen als zyklische
Entwicklungen. Die Reformen, die zu Anfang sehr schnell
vorangingen, unterliegen einer zunehmenden Stagnation, weshalb ein
breiter Konsens fur die Reformen zu finden ist. Zweitens bilden die
Wirtschaftsreformen eng mit anderen Reformen ein zusammenhangendes
System, das einheitlich vorangetrieben werden muss. Drittens
unterscheidet sich das dreidimensionale ganzheitliche Konzept, das
Reform, Entwicklung und Stabilitat vereint, sehr von den westlichen
Mainstream-Wirtschaftslehren, die ihren Akzent auf Produktivitat
und Leistungsfahigkeit setzen. Viertens entspricht die Reformpraxis
Chinas den theoretischen Ansatzen. Damit gehen Chinas Reformen weit
uber die Debatte hinaus, ob es sich dabei um graduelle oder
radikale Reformen handelt. Funftens steht der Leitgedanke, das
"Top-Level-Design" mit dem Prinzip, "nach den Steinen tastend den
Fluss zu uberqueren" zu verbinden, im Vordergrund. Sechstens mussen
die Reformen fortgesetzt werden, und zwar im globalen
Reformwettbewerb. Angetrieben von der Zielvorstellung, das
sozialistische System hochzuhalten, steht China fest zu seinem
Reformvorhaben.
|
|