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Tai-chi Ch'uan is an ancient Chinese art based on the principles of
physiology, psychology, and dynamics for the purpose of increasing
and sustaining health. By practicing Tai-chi Chu'an, you can
strengthen muscles, promote and regulate good blood circulation,
refresh your whole body-and stimulate your spirit as well. Proper
practice of the simple exercises clearly shown in this book can
improve your digestion, adjust your weight up or down, clear your
mind, allow you to think more clearly, and help you in dozens of
ways you will find almost miraculous.
Tai-chi Ch'uan is an ancient Chinese art based on the principles of
physiology, psychology, and dynamics for the purpose of increasing
and sustaining health. By practicing Tai-chi Chu'an, you can
strengthen muscles, promote and regulate good blood circulation,
refresh your whole body-and stimulate your spirit as well. Proper
practice of the simple exercises clearly shown in this book can
improve your digestion, adjust your weight up or down, clear your
mind, allow you to think more clearly, and help you in dozens of
ways you will find almost miraculous.
The Two-dimensional Implicit Thermal Response and Ablation program,
TITAN, was developed and integrated with a Navier-Stokes solver,
GIANTS, for multidimensional ablation and shape change simulation
of thermal protection systems in hypersonic flow environments. The
governing equations in both codes are demoralized using the same
finite-volume approximation with a general body-fitted coordinate
system. Time-dependent solutions are achieved by an implicit time
marching technique using Gauess-Siedel line relaxation with
alternating sweeps. As the first part of a code validation study,
this paper compares TITAN-GIANTS predictions with thermal response
and recession data obtained from arc-jet tests recently conducted
in the Interaction Heating Facility (IHF) at NASA Ames Research
Center. The test models are graphite sphere-cones. Graphite was
selected as a test material to minimize the uncertainties from
material properties. Recession and thermal response data were
obtained from two separate arc-jet test series. The first series
was at a heat flux where graphite ablation is mainly due to
sublimation, and the second series was at a relatively low heat
flux where recession is the result of diffusion-controlled
oxidation. Ablation and thermal response solutions for both sets of
conditions, as calculated by TITAN-GIANTS, are presented and
discussed in detail. Predicted shape change and temperature
histories generally agree well with the data obtained from the
arc-jet tests.
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