In this monograph, the graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are shown to be an emerging sensing platform. Divided into two parts the first set of chapters are devoted to basic knowledge of graphene, graphene FET and its biosensing. In the second part of this book the applications of graphene FET biosensors combined with various biotechnologies are presented. As well as discussing the existing technologies the authors also introduce their own ideas and concepts. Finally the remaining problems in graphene FET biosensors are discussed, along with proposed solutions and prospects for future applications. This monograph allows readers to grasp the basic knowledge and future direction of graphene-based FET biosensors.

In this monograph, the graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are shown to be an emerging sensing platform. Divided into two parts the first set of chapters are devoted to basic knowledge of graphene, graphene FET and its biosensing. In the second part of this book the applications of graphene FET biosensors combined with various biotechnologies are presented. As well as discussing the existing technologies the authors also introduce their own ideas and concepts. Finally the remaining problems in graphene FET biosensors are discussed, along with proposed solutions and prospects for future applications. This monograph allows readers to grasp the basic knowledge and future direction of graphene-based FET biosensors.

This monograph investigates 15 L2 creative writers' social constructive power in identity constructions. Through interviews and think-aloud story writing sessions, the central study considers how L2 writer voices are mediated by the writers' autobiographical identities, namely, their sense of selves formulated by their previous language learning and literacy experiences. The inquiry takes the epistemological stance that L2 creative writing is simultaneously a cognitive construct and a social phenomenon and that these two are mutually inclusive. The study contributes to L2 creative writing research and L2 learner identity research and will be of benefit to researchers, language teachers and writing instructors who wish to understand creative writing processes in order to help develop their students' positive self-esteem, confidence, motivation and engagement with the L2.

Phytoplasmas are the plant pathogenic bacteria that cause plant health problems around the world. Our knowledge about these important plant pathogens has advanced rapidly over the last decade as their impact on major agricultural and horticultural crops and ornamental plants has risen. This comprehensive volume by leaders in the field or phytoplasmology brings together current research on phytoplasmas, their plant hosts and insect vectors. The various approaches to differentiation, classifications and taxonomy are examined in detail, including genome sequencing and functional genomics. Discussions of the relationship between phytoplasmas and plants include the development of disease, biochemical changes in their plant hosts, plant resistance and epidemiology of disease. Finally, transmission by insect vectors, their control and the distribution and potential spread of phytoplasma diseases and vectors are considered. This book will be a valuable reference for researchers and upper-level students in crop protection, plant pathology and applied entomology.

Yan Zhao's book, entitled "Interactive Data Mining" provides a conceptual framework and a systematic study of human-computer interactions and collaborations for effective data mining. The thesis is based on an assumption that the effectiveness of data mining systems depends crucially on semantics information about data and different user requirements. In contrast to many data mining models that concentrate on automation and efficiency, interactive data mining systems focus on adaptive and effective communication between human users and computer systems. Interactive systems fully explore the power of human intuition, creativity, heuristics and strategies with supports from computers. The thesis is well-balanced between theoretical investigation and experimental evaluations. A user-oriented three-layered conceptual model is proposed. Within the framework, user perceptions and requirements are studied formally at the philosophical, technique and the application layers. The separation of the three layers leads to many new insights into data mining. Based on the conceptual framework, a prototype of Interactive Classification System (ICS) has been implemented.