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This book systematically presents the technical aspects of
supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification
for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor
design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc.
The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of
supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction
mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation
(SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions
occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their
reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of
supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book
explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in
supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction
conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor
corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also
comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of
research, and development trends regarding these two problems.
Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water
processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as
well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO
technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable
information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for
organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production
with wet biomass.
This book systematically presents the technical aspects of
supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification
for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor
design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc.
The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of
supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction
mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation
(SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions
occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their
reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of
supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book
explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in
supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction
conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor
corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also
comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of
research, and development trends regarding these two problems.
Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water
processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as
well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO
technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable
information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for
organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production
with wet biomass.
Advances in Digitalization and Machine Learning for Integrated
Building-Transportation Energy Systems examines the combined impact
of buildings and transportation systems on energy demand and use.
With a strong focus on AI and machine learning approaches, the book
comprehensively discusses each part of the energy life cycle,
considering source, grid, demand, storage, and usage. Opening with
an introduction to smart buildings and intelligent transportation
systems, the book presents the fundamentals of AI and its
application in renewable energy sources, alongside the latest
technological advances. Other topics presented include building
occupants’ behavior and vehicle driving schedule with demand
prediction and analysis, hybrid energy storages in buildings with
AI, smart grid with energy digitalization, and prosumer-based P2P
energy trading. The book concludes with discussions on blockchain
technologies, IoT in smart grid operation, and the application of
big data and cloud computing in integrated smart
building-transportation energy systems. A smart and flexible energy
system is essential for reaching Net Zero whilst keeping energy
bills affordable. This title provides critical information to
students, researchers and engineers wanting to understand, design,
and implement flexible energy systems to meet the rising demand in
electricity.
Nonconvex analysis is a rapidly developing, multi-disciplinary
field of research, comprehending theoretical analysis in
mathematical modelling of natural systems, bifurcation and chaos in
dynamical systems, finite deformation theory, nonlinear partial
differential equations, global optimization, calculus of variation,
numerical methods, and scientific computations. The field of
nonconvex analysis has undergone considerable development in a
remarkably short time-with extensive applications to theoretical
physics, material science, modern mechanics, complex systems, and
scientific computations. The present volume, Handbook of Nonconvex
Analysis and Applications, consists of thirteen chapters written by
notable experts in the field, addressing essential recent
developments in nonconvex analysis and its applications, and
keeping a balance between major areas of theory, methods, and
applications. Each chapter provides an illuminating exposition of
state-of-the-art approaches to a specific topic, with discussions
of the central contributions, and pointers to some basic
references. A variety of topics regarding nonconvex analysis and
its applications are discussed: nonconvex variational principles;
comparison principles; nonlinear eigenvalue problems; critical
point theory; boundary value problems; topological methods,
including Morse theory; nonlinear elliptic equations; evolution
problems; difference equations; inequality problems; geometric
properties of functions and spaces; and applications in mechanics.
This Handbook will serve as a much-needed reference work for the
dynamic and ever-growing field of nonconvex analysis and its
applications.
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