This book systematically presents the technical aspects of supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of research, and development trends regarding these two problems. Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production with wet biomass.

This book systematically presents the technical aspects of supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of research, and development trends regarding these two problems. Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production with wet biomass.

Advances in Digitalization and Machine Learning for Integrated Building-Transportation Energy Systems examines the combined impact of buildings and transportation systems on energy demand and use. With a strong focus on AI and machine learning approaches, the book comprehensively discusses each part of the energy life cycle, considering source, grid, demand, storage, and usage. Opening with an introduction to smart buildings and intelligent transportation systems, the book presents the fundamentals of AI and its application in renewable energy sources, alongside the latest technological advances. Other topics presented include building occupants’ behavior and vehicle driving schedule with demand prediction and analysis, hybrid energy storages in buildings with AI, smart grid with energy digitalization, and prosumer-based P2P energy trading. The book concludes with discussions on blockchain technologies, IoT in smart grid operation, and the application of big data and cloud computing in integrated smart building-transportation energy systems. A smart and flexible energy system is essential for reaching Net Zero whilst keeping energy bills affordable. This title provides critical information to students, researchers and engineers wanting to understand, design, and implement flexible energy systems to meet the rising demand in electricity.

Nonconvex analysis is a rapidly developing, multi-disciplinary field of research, comprehending theoretical analysis in mathematical modelling of natural systems, bifurcation and chaos in dynamical systems, finite deformation theory, nonlinear partial differential equations, global optimization, calculus of variation, numerical methods, and scientific computations. The field of nonconvex analysis has undergone considerable development in a remarkably short time-with extensive applications to theoretical physics, material science, modern mechanics, complex systems, and scientific computations. The present volume, Handbook of Nonconvex Analysis and Applications, consists of thirteen chapters written by notable experts in the field, addressing essential recent developments in nonconvex analysis and its applications, and keeping a balance between major areas of theory, methods, and applications. Each chapter provides an illuminating exposition of state-of-the-art approaches to a specific topic, with discussions of the central contributions, and pointers to some basic references. A variety of topics regarding nonconvex analysis and its applications are discussed: nonconvex variational principles; comparison principles; nonlinear eigenvalue problems; critical point theory; boundary value problems; topological methods, including Morse theory; nonlinear elliptic equations; evolution problems; difference equations; inequality problems; geometric properties of functions and spaces; and applications in mechanics. This Handbook will serve as a much-needed reference work for the dynamic and ever-growing field of nonconvex analysis and its applications.