Addressing the intersections between cognitive, sociocultural, and sociolinguistic research, this volume explores bilingual development across educational contexts to discuss and uncover the influences and impact of language in school programming and everyday practices. Confronting a standard monolingual lens, this collection highlights the importance of applying cross-disciplinary approaches to examine bilingualism in relation to topics such as language politics, linguistic identities, students' experiences at home and in schools, asset-based teaching and curricula, and overall benefits. Ideal for courses in bilingualism, literacy, psychology, and language education, this text is an important resource for understanding and applying transdisciplinary, inclusive approaches to positively influence cognitive development, academic learning, and identity formation in bilingual education.

Addressing the intersections between cognitive, sociocultural, and sociolinguistic research, this volume explores bilingual development across educational contexts to discuss and uncover the influences and impact of language in school programming and everyday practices. Confronting a standard monolingual lens, this collection highlights the importance of applying cross-disciplinary approaches to examine bilingualism in relation to topics such as language politics, linguistic identities, students' experiences at home and in schools, asset-based teaching and curricula, and overall benefits. Ideal for courses in bilingualism, literacy, psychology, and language education, this text is an important resource for understanding and applying transdisciplinary, inclusive approaches to positively influence cognitive development, academic learning, and identity formation in bilingual education.

Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies covers the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The book was created by participants of the International Conference on Electrochemical Materials and Technologies for Clean Sustainable Energy (ICES-2013) held in Guangzhou, China, and incorporates select papers presented at the conference. More than 300 attendees from across the globe participated in ICES-2013 and gave presentations in six major themes: Fuel cells and hydrogen energy Lithium batteries and advanced secondary batteries Green energy for a clean environment Photo-Electrocatalysis Supercapacitors Electrochemical clean energy applications and markets Comprised of eight sections, this book includes 25 chapters featuring highlights from the conference and covering every facet of synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of the advanced materials for electrochemical energy. It thoroughly describes electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies such as batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation, and their associated materials. The book contains a number of topics that include electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms. It also addresses challenges related to cost and performance, provides varying perspectives, and emphasizes existing and emerging solutions. The result of a conference encouraging enhanced research collaboration among members of the electrochemical energy community, Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies is dedicated to the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage and details the technologies, current achievements, and future directions in the field.

This book introduces readers to environmental background investigation, pollution source intensity evaluation and risk assessment approaches used at three main types of groundwater-contaminated sites: municipal domestic waste landfills, hazardous waste landfills and oil-contaminated sites. In addition, typical contaminated sites throughout China are examined to demonstrate how these approaches can be applied for their investigation, assessment and restoration. By reading this book, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the restoration and management of typical groundwater-contaminated sites.

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) or proton exchange m- brane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been suggested as alternatives to replace many existing energy conversion technologies, incl- inginternalcombustionenginesandbatteries.Themostsigni?cant advances in PEFC technology achieved in the last decade have occurredinareasrelatedtoautomotiveapplications,namelyco- start capabilities, enhanced durability and better understanding of watermanagementandmasstransportlosses. This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is intendedtoprovideanoverviewofadvancementsinexperimental diagnosticsandmodelingofpolymerelectrolytefuelcells.Chapters byHuangandReifsniderandGuetal.provideanin-depthreview of the durability issues in PEFCs as well as recent developments in understanding and mitigation of degradation in the polymer membraneandelectrocatalyst. Enabling cold start, the startup of PEFC stacks from subzero temperatures, is a very important capability achieved only within thelastfewyears.TajiriandWangprovideatutorialoverviewofthe requirementsforcoldstart,andprovideasummaryofexperimental diagnosticsandcold-startmodelingstudies. Chapters 4-6 address speci?c diagnostic methods in PEFCs. Martin et al. provide a detailed review of methods for distributed diagnostics of species, temperature, and current in PEFCs in Chapter 4.In Chapter 5, Hussey and Jacobson describe the op- ationalprinciplesofneutronradiographyforin-situvisualizationof liquidwaterdistribution,andalsooutlineissuesrelatedtotemporal andspatialresolution.TsushimaandHiraidescribebothmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualization of water in PEFCsandtunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopy (TDLAS) formeasurementofwatervaporconcentrationinChapter6. Diffusionmedia(DM)areproneto?oodingwithliquidwater. AlthoughtheDMisanessentialcomponentofPEFCsthatenable distributionofspeciesandcollectionofcurrentandheat,littlewas knownaboutcapillarytransportinDMsuntilrecently.InChapters7 Gostick et al. provide a description of liquid water transport in porousDMduetocapillarityanddescribeexperimentaltechniques usedtocharacterizeDMproperties. v vi Preface The?naltwochaptersdiscussmodelingofPEFCs.Mukherjee and Wang provide an in-depth review of meso-scale modeling of two-phase transport, while Zhou et al. summarize both the s- ulation of electrochemical reactions on electrocatalysts and the transport of protons through the polymer electrolyte using at- isticsimulationtoolssuchasmoleculardynamicsandMonteCarlo techniques. Eachchapterinthevolumeisself-contained;thereforetheydo notneedtobereadinacertainorder. Special thanks are due to 23 authors who contributed to this volume.

This book gives a survey of the physics and fabrication of carbon nanotubes and their applications in optics, electronics, chemistry and biotechnology. It focuses on the structural characterization of various carbon nanotubes, fabrication of vertically or parallel aligned carbon nanotubes on substrates or in composites, physical properties for their alignment, and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes in field emission, optical antennas, light transmission, solar cells, chemical devices, bio-devices, and many others. Major fabrication methods are illustrated in detail, particularly the most widely used PECVD growth technique on which various device integration schemes are based, followed by applications such as electrical interconnects, nanodiodes, optical antennas, and nanocoax solar cells, whereas current limitations and challenges are also be discussed to lay the foundation for future developments.

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) or proton exchange m- brane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been suggested as alternatives to replace many existing energy conversion technologies, incl- inginternalcombustionenginesandbatteries.Themostsigni?cant advances in PEFC technology achieved in the last decade have occurredinareasrelatedtoautomotiveapplications,namelyco- start capabilities, enhanced durability and better understanding of watermanagementandmasstransportlosses. This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is intendedtoprovideanoverviewofadvancementsinexperimental diagnosticsandmodelingofpolymerelectrolytefuelcells.Chapters byHuangandReifsniderandGuetal.provideanin-depthreview of the durability issues in PEFCs as well as recent developments in understanding and mitigation of degradation in the polymer membraneandelectrocatalyst. Enabling cold start, the startup of PEFC stacks from subzero temperatures, is a very important capability achieved only within thelastfewyears.TajiriandWangprovideatutorialoverviewofthe requirementsforcoldstart,andprovideasummaryofexperimental diagnosticsandcold-startmodelingstudies. Chapters 4-6 address speci?c diagnostic methods in PEFCs. Martin et al. provide a detailed review of methods for distributed diagnostics of species, temperature, and current in PEFCs in Chapter 4.In Chapter 5, Hussey and Jacobson describe the op- ationalprinciplesofneutronradiographyforin-situvisualizationof liquidwaterdistribution,andalsooutlineissuesrelatedtotemporal andspatialresolution.TsushimaandHiraidescribebothmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualization of water in PEFCsandtunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopy (TDLAS) formeasurementofwatervaporconcentrationinChapter6. Diffusionmedia(DM)areproneto?oodingwithliquidwater. AlthoughtheDMisanessentialcomponentofPEFCsthatenable distributionofspeciesandcollectionofcurrentandheat,littlewas knownaboutcapillarytransportinDMsuntilrecently.InChapters7 Gostick et al. provide a description of liquid water transport in porousDMduetocapillarityanddescribeexperimentaltechniques usedtocharacterizeDMproperties. v vi Preface The?naltwochaptersdiscussmodelingofPEFCs.Mukherjee and Wang provide an in-depth review of meso-scale modeling of two-phase transport, while Zhou et al. summarize both the s- ulation of electrochemical reactions on electrocatalysts and the transport of protons through the polymer electrolyte using at- isticsimulationtoolssuchasmoleculardynamicsandMonteCarlo techniques. Eachchapterinthevolumeisself-contained;thereforetheydo notneedtobereadinacertainorder. Special thanks are due to 23 authors who contributed to this volume.

This book consists of studies on China's economic development since China carried out the reform and opening-up strategy, including China's economic restructuring, economic operational mechanism, socialist market economy, inflation, the reform of the urban housing system, the economic impact of WTO entry, the future potential growth rate, global economic governance, structural fiscal and taxation reforms, the rapid growth of China's financial industry, and more. These studies explores China's successful experience of economic growth in the past and will shed some light on China's economic development in the future, providing value to economists and Chinese scholars.

This two volume set (CCIS 1628 and 1629) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICPCSEE 2022 held in Chengdu, China, in August, 2022. The 65 full papers and 26 short papers presented in these two volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 261 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on: Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management; Machine Learning for Data Science; Multimedia Data Management and Analysis.

This two volume set (CCIS 1628 and 1629) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICPCSEE 2022 held in Chengdu, China, in August, 2022. The 65 full papers and 26 short papers presented in these two volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 261 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on: Big Data Management and Applications; Data Security and Privacy; Applications of Data Science; Infrastructure for Data Science; Education Track; Regulatory Technology in Finance.

The three-volume set LNCS 12681-12683 constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2021, held in Taipei, Taiwan, in April 2021. The total of 156 papers presented in this three-volume set was carefully reviewed and selected from 490 submissions. The topic areas for the selected papers include information retrieval, search and recommendation techniques; RDF, knowledge graphs, semantic web, and knowledge management; and spatial, temporal, sequence, and streaming data management, while the dominant keywords are network, recommendation, graph, learning, and model. These topic areas and keywords shed the light on the direction where the research in DASFAA is moving towards. Due to the Corona pandemic this event was held virtually.

The three-volume set LNCS 12681-12683 constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2021, held in Taipei, Taiwan, in April 2021. The total of 156 papers presented in this three-volume set was carefully reviewed and selected from 490 submissions. The topic areas for the selected papers include information retrieval, search and recommendation techniques; RDF, knowledge graphs, semantic web, and knowledge management; and spatial, temporal, sequence, and streaming data management, while the dominant keywords are network, recommendation, graph, learning, and model. These topic areas and keywords shed the light on the direction where the research in DASFAA is moving towards. Due to the Corona pandemic this event was held virtually.

The three-volume set LNCS 12681-12683 constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2021, held in Taipei, Taiwan, in April 2021. The total of 156 papers presented in this three-volume set was carefully reviewed and selected from 490 submissions. The topic areas for the selected papers include information retrieval, search and recommendation techniques; RDF, knowledge graphs, semantic web, and knowledge management; and spatial, temporal, sequence, and streaming data management, while the dominant keywords are network, recommendation, graph, learning, and model. These topic areas and keywords shed the light on the direction where the research in DASFAA is moving towards. Due to the Corona pandemic this event was held virtually.

Immunotherapy of Cancer, Volume 143, the latest release in the Advances in Cancer Research series, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Contributions from leading experts in the field make this a must have update on the topic.

This book collects the work of leading Chinese economists, sociologists, and political scientists as China enters a pivotal phase of development, as well as a new five-year plan. Scholars from China's leading institutions and think-tanks explore global economic trade patterns, regional imbalances, environmental pollution, rural-urban disputes, and much more. This book will be of interest to scholars, economists, and think-tank researchers.

This book collects the work of leading Chinese economists, sociologists, and political scientists as China enters a pivotal phase of development, as well as a new five-year plan. Scholars from China's leading institutions and think-tanks explore global economic trade patterns, regional imbalances, environmental pollution, rural-urban disputes, and much more. This book will be of interest to scholars, economists, and think-tank researchers.

Immunotherapy of Cancer provides information on cancer research related to inflammation and immunity, containing outstanding reviews by experts in the field. It is suitable for researchers and students who have an interest in cancer immunobiology.

The widespread use of the internet and affordable video capturing devices has dramatically changed the landscape of video creation and consumption. In particular, user-created videos are more prevalent than ever with the evolution of video streaming services and social networks. The rapid growth of video creation necessitates advanced technologies that enable efficient consumption of desired video content. The scenarios include enhancing user experience for viewers on video streaming services, enabling quick video browsing for video creators who need to go through a massive amount of video rushes, and for security teams who need to monitor surveillance videos. With the broad growth of video capturing devices and applications on the web, it is more demanding to provide desired video content for users efficiently. Video summarization facilitates quickly grasping video content by creating a compact summary of videos. Much effort has been devoted to automatic video summarization, and various problem settings and approaches have been proposed. This monograph provides an overview of this field, and covers early studies as well as recent approaches which take advantage of deep learning techniques. Video summarization approaches and their underlying concepts are described, and benchmarks and evaluations are included. Evaluation techniques in prior work in this field are addressed, and the pros and cons of the evaluation protocols are detailed. The monograph concludes with current and open challenges in this field. This monograph is a useful reference for students and professionals who are active in, or wish to enter into the field of Video Summarization.

This textbook presents a special solution of underdetermined linear systems where the number of nonzero entries in the solution is very small compared to the total number of entries. This is called sparse solution. As underdetermined linear systems can be very different, the authors explain how to compute a sparse solution by many approaches. Sparse Solutions of Underdetermined Linear Systems: Contains 72 algorithms for finding sparse solutions of underdetermined linear systems and their applications for matrix completion, graph clustering, and phase retrieval. Provides a detailed explanation of these algorithms including derivations and convergence analysis. Includes exercises for each chapter to help the reader understand the material. This textbook is appropriate for graduate students in math and applied math, computer science, statistics, data science, and engineering. Advisors and postdocs will also find the book of interest. It is appropriate for the following courses: Advanced Numerical Analysis, Special Topics on Numerical Analysis, Topics on Data Science, Topics on Numerical Optimization, and Topics on Approximation Theory.

Fostering the green energy world has become a hot topic in recent years. More and more hybrid vehicles find their way into the consumer market. Batteries or ultracapacitors are usually employed as the second energy source in hybrid vehicles. Compared with batteries, ultracapacitors have more advantages such as higher energy densities, long life cycles and environment-friendly. In order to have a good control strategy in hybrid vehicle to take advantage of ultracapacitor, its model must be accurate. In this book, short-term and long-term models have been developed. For the short-term models, high order transfer functions consistent with an RC ladder model are assumed. Transfer function coefficients are identified by a least squares algorithm based on experimental data consisting of time-varying current excitations and the resulting terminal voltage responses. A long-term model with six RC branches is developed by fitting the terminal voltage transient response to an impulse charging current. From the ultracapacitor models derived, terminal voltages under different current profiles can be determined accurately over the time frame of one hour or two months.

"The work by Wang et al. suggests a host of applications in optoelectronics, for example infrared polarizers or polarization detectors, using arrays in which the MWCNTs have a range of lengths, and wavelength-specific detectors, for which the MWCNTs are fabricated to all have the same desired length. MWCNTs are preferable to SWCNTs for their electrical metallicity and greater mechanical robustness, and their random spacing in the arrays suppresses interference effects. The preparation of the MWCNT arrays could easily be extended to a high-throughput process with the use of established technology. Over the decade-long history of carbon nanotubes there has been substantial investment by the private sector in nanotube research and development: the technology devised by Wang et al. may well spawn optoelectronic applications of considerable commercial significance." --M. S. Dresselhaus, Nature 432, 959 (2004)

Examines dynamic trading of a portfolio of assets in discrete periods over a finite time horizon, with arbitrary time-varying distribution of asset returns. The goal is to maximize the total expected revenue from the portfolio, while respecting constraints on the portfolio like a required terminal portfolio and leverage and risk limits. The revenue takes into account the gross cash generated in trades, transaction costs, and costs associated with the positions, such as fees for holding short positions. The model that is presented takes the form of a stochastic control problem with linear dynamics and convex cost function and constraints. While this problem can be tractably solved in several special cases - for example, when all costs are convex quadratic, or when there are no transaction costs - the focus is on the more general case, with nonquadratic cost terms and transaction costs. Performance Bounds and Suboptimal Policies for Multi-Period Investment shows how to use linear matrix inequality techniques and semidefinite programming to produce a quadratic bound on the value function, which in turn gives a bound on the optimal performance. This performance bound can be used to judge the performance obtained by any suboptimal policy. As a by-product of the performance bound computation, an approximate dynamic programming policy is obtained that requires the solution of a convex optimization problem, often a quadratic program, to determine the trades to carry out in each step.

This book examines the use and culture of digital media in urban Chinese cities. By examining examples and data from Chinese and global social media platforms, the book argues that digital media facilitate Chinese people's sense of local self and local identity. In doing so, the book moves on from the polarised debate regarding the democratic function of Chinese Internet to instead examine the connection between digital technologies and the country's history, culture and eventually, people and their everyday lives. It offers a rich analysis of a Chinese city in the digital age, and challenges the nationalistic approach to study China's digital media culture.