This book presents physical understanding, modeling and simulation, on-chip characterization, layout solutions, and design techniques that are effective to enhance the reliability of various circuit units. The authors provide readers with techniques for state of the art and future technologies, ranging from technology modeling, fault detection and analysis, circuit hardening, and reliability management.

Predictive Technology Model for Robust Nanoelectronic Design" explains many of the technical mysteries behind the Predictive Technology Model (PTM) that has been adopted worldwide in explorative design research. Through physical derivation and technology extrapolation, PTM is the de-factor device model used in electronic design. This work explains the systematic model development and provides a guide to robust design practice in the presence of variability and reliability issues. Having interacted with multiple leading semiconductor companies and university research teams, the author brings a state-of-the-art perspective on technology scaling to this work and shares insights gained in the practices of device modeling.

As global demands for energy and lower carbon emissions rise, developing systems of energy conversion and storage becomes necessary. This book explores how Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion (EESC) devices are promising advanced power systems that can directly convert chemical energy in fuel into power, and thereby aid in proposing a solution to the global energy crisis. The book focuses on high-temperature electrochemical devices that have a wide variety of existing and potential applications, including the creation of fuel cells for power generation, production of high-purity hydrogen by electrolysis, high-purity oxygen by membrane separation, and various high-temperature batteries. High-Temperature Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Fundamentals and Applications provides a comprehensive view of the new technologies in high-temperature electrochemistry. Written in a clear and detailed manner, it is suitable for developers, researchers, or students of any level.

This study examines the Chinese model of modern development, reflecting on the historical experience of China's reform and highlighting theoretical issues that are crucial for understanding the reform in its historical and global contexts. Bringing together articles from scholars, including designers of and active participants in the reform, opinion setters in the current debates on the nature and future of the reform, and Western scholars whose ideas have had great impact on Chinese intellectuals, the book considers the goals of China's reforms and the ways in which these goals may be achieved, the most urgent issues now facing China, and globalization and its impact on China.

This book examines the Chinese model of modern development, reflecting on the historical experience of China's reform, and highlighting theoretical issues that are crucial for understanding the reform in its historical and global contexts. The book brings together scholars, who were either designers of, and active participants in, the reform, or opinion setters in the current debates on the nature and future of the reform, or western scholars whose ideas have had great impact on Chinese intellectuals. Throughout the book considers the goals of China's reforms and the ways in which these goals may be achieved, the most urgent issues now facing China, and globalisation and its impact on China.

As global demands for energy and lower carbon emissions rise, developing systems of energy conversion and storage becomes necessary. This book explores how Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion (EESC) devices are promising advanced power systems that can directly convert chemical energy in fuel into power, and thereby aid in proposing a solution to the global energy crisis. The book focuses on high-temperature electrochemical devices that have a wide variety of existing and potential applications, including the creation of fuel cells for power generation, production of high-purity hydrogen by electrolysis, high-purity oxygen by membrane separation, and various high-temperature batteries. High-Temperature Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Fundamentals and Applications provides a comprehensive view of the new technologies in high-temperature electrochemistry. Written in a clear and detailed manner, it is suitable for developers, researchers, or students of any level.

The advent of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the early 1970s was one of the most important events in twentieth-century science. This book examines the conceptual steps that were crucial to the rise of QCD, placing them in historical context against the background of debates that were ongoing between the bootstrap approach and composite modeling, and between mathematical and realistic conceptions of quarks. It explains the origins of QCD in current algebra and its development through high-energy experiments, model-building, mathematical analysis and conceptual synthesis. Addressing a range of complex physical, philosophical and historiographical issues in detail, this book will interest graduate students and researchers in physics and in the history and philosophy of science.

Predictive Technology Model for Robust Nanoelectronic Design explains many of the technical mysteries behind the Predictive Technology Model (PTM) that has been adopted worldwide in explorative design research. Through physical derivation and technology extrapolation, PTM is the de-factor device model used in electronic design. This work explains the systematic model development and provides a guide to robust design practice in the presence of variability and reliability issues. Having interacted with multiple leading semiconductor companies and university research teams, the author brings a state-of-the-art perspective on technology scaling to this work and shares insights gained in the practices of device modeling.

Quantum field theory is a powerful language for the description of the subatomic constituents of the physical world and the laws and principles that govern them. This book contains up-to-date in-depth analyses, by a group of eminent physicists and philosophers of science, of our present understanding of its conceptual foundations, of the reasons why this understanding has to be revised so that the theory can go further, and of possible directions in which revisions may be promising and productive. These analyses will be of interest to graduate students and research workers in physics who want to know about the foundational problems of their subject. The book will also be of interest to professional philosophers, historians and sociologists of science, because it contains much material for metaphysical and methodological reflections, for historical and cultural analyses, and for sociological analyses of the way in which various factors contribute to the way the foundations are revised.

This book focuses on the background, migration, and settlement of new migrants in China. It also examines the status of their social networks, the role of urban society, social security, and future planning. Based on semi-structured interviews, the book analyzes these aspects of new urban migrants and argues that: - Intellectual migrants, with their strong educational background, are willing to engage in urbanization and have clear entry strategies. - Labor migrants find it is challenging for labor migrants to receive the same welfare as citizens and they are subject to significant segregation in urban societies due to existing policies and market economy conditions. - Operational migrants have stronger settlement and family-oriented tendencies compared to labor migrants.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics, ICOST 2016, held in Wuhan, China, in May 2016. The 39 regular papers, 5 short papers and 1 poster paper included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: smart homes, smart urban spaces and new assistive living space concepts in the smart city; e-health for future smart cities; context awareness and autonomous computing; home networks and residential gateways; middleware support for smart homes and health telematic services; e-health and chronic disease management; e-health technology assessment and impact analysis; tele-assistance and tele-rehabilitation; modeling of physical and conceptual information in intelligent environments; medical big data collection, processing and analysis; human machine interfaces; wearable sensors and continuous health monitoring; social, privacy and security issues; mobile health services; and smart rehabilitation technologies.

The large polarization difference between AlN and GaN provides extremely high electron densities at the heterointerface covered by only 3-4 nm AlN barrier, which makes AlN/GaN heterojunction the ultimate nitride structure for high-frequency applications. This work includes the systematic study of the MBE growth of AlN/GaN HEMTs, theoretical study of 2DEG scattering mechanisms, and device issues of in-situ buffer leakage removal with polarization engineering and decreasing contact resistance with band diagram engineering. This book shows the approach to achieve the record high 2DEG density (5e13/cm2) and the record-low sheet resistance (128 ohm/sq) in high-quality AlN/GaN HEMTs. As a theoretical study, electron scattering mechanisms are reviewed in this book. A novel scattering mechanism, remote surface roughness scattering, is proposed. Large buffer leakage and ohmic contact resistance are two factors that heavily degrade high-speed device performance. Polarization engineering was applied in the buffer leakage study, which increased the ON/OFF ratio by >4 orders. Regrown Si-doped GaN and graded InGaN/InN contacts have been demonstrated with a comprehensive X-ray diffraction study.

This new edition of Conceptual Developments of 20th Century Field Theories explores the conceptual foundations and historical roots of fundamental field theories. It also uncovers the underlying issues, logic and dynamics in fundamental physics. In response to new advances in the field over the past twenty years, the sections on gauge theory and quantum field theory have been thoroughly revised and elaborated. The chapter on ontological synthesis and scientific realism has also been reconsidered, now suggesting a new approach that goes beyond structuralism and historicism. Providing an integrated picture of the physical world, it is a valuable resource for theoretical physicists and philosophers of science with an interest in the development of twentieth century mathematical physics. It also provides professional historians and sociologists of science with a basis for further historical, cultural and sociological analysis of the theories discussed.

The advent of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the early 1970s was one of the most important events in twentieth-century science. This book examines the conceptual steps that were crucial to the rise of QCD, placing them in historical context against the background of debates that were ongoing between the bootstrap approach and composite modeling, and between mathematical and realistic conceptions of quarks. It explains the origins of QCD in current algebra and its development through high-energy experiments, model-building, mathematical analysis and conceptual synthesis. Addressing a range of complex physical, philosophical and historiographical issues in detail, this book will interest graduate students and researchers in physics and in the history and philosophy of science.

This book presents physical understanding, modeling and simulation, on-chip characterization, layout solutions, and design techniques that are effective to enhance the reliability of various circuit units. The authors provide readers with techniques for state of the art and future technologies, ranging from technology modeling, fault detection and analysis, circuit hardening, and reliability management.