Continuous-Time Signals is an extended description of continuous-time signals related to the course of Signals and Systems. As a time-varying process of any physical state of any object, which serves for representation, detection, and transmission of messages, a modern electrical signal possesses, in applications, many specific properties. To make possible for readers to deal with signals free, the book systematically covers major principle foundations of the signals theory. The representation of signals in the frequency domain (by Fourier transform) is considered with strong emphasis on how the spectral density of a single waveform becomes that of its burst and then the spectrum of its train. Different kinds of amplitude and angular modulations are analyzed noticing a consistency between the spectra of modulating and modulated signals. The energy and power presentation of signals is given along with their correlation properties. Finally, presenting the bandlimited and analytic signals, the book elucidates the methods of their description, transformation (by Hilbert transform), and sampling.

This work offers students at all levels a description of linear, nonlinear, time-invariant, and time-varying electronic continuous-time systems. As an assemblage of physical or mathematical components organized and interacting to convert an input signal to an output signal, an electronic system can be described using different methods offered by the modern systems theory. To make possible for readers to understand systems, the book systematically covers the major foundations of the systems theory.

Continuous-Time Systems is a description of linear, nonlinear, time-invariant, and time-varying electronic continuous-time systems. As an assemblage of physical or mathematical components organized and interacting to convert an input signal (also called excitation signal or driving force) to an output signal (also called response signal), an electronic system can be described using different methods offered by the modern systems theory. To make possible for readers to understand systems, the book systematically covers major foundations of the systems theory.

This volume is an extended description of continuous-time signals related to the course of Signals and Systems. As a time-varying process of any physical state of any object, which serves for representation, detection, and transmission of messages, a modern electrical signal possesses, in applications, many specific properties. To make possible for readers to deal with signals free, the book systematically covers major principle foundations of the signals theory. The representation of signals in the frequency domain (by Fourier transform) is considered with strong emphasis on how the spectral density of a single waveform becomes that of its burst and then the spectrum of its train. Different kinds of amplitude and angular modulations are analyzed noticing a consistency between the spectra of modulating and modulated signals. The energy and power presentation of signals is given along with their correlation properties.

This book addresses novel results in the field of optimal finite impulse response (FIR) estimation and steering of the local clock time errors using the Global Positioning System (GPS) timing signals. The studies are motivated by permanently increased demands for accuracy of the local timescales in different areas of applications of wire and wireless digital systems. The main limitations of accuracy here are the GPS time uncertainty caused by different satellites in a view and the sawtooth noise induced by the commercially available GPS timing receivers owing to the principle of the one pulse per second (1PPS) signal formation. Due to the GPS time uncertainty, flicker components of the clock noise, and non Gaussian sawtooth noise, the standard Kalman algorithms may become unstable and noisy, even when the sawtooth correction is applied. We show that an efficient way of providing stable and accurate filtering, smoothing, prediction, and steering of the local clock errors is to use the optimal FIR structures, which are inherently bounded input/bounded output (BIBO) stable and more robust against temporary uncertainties and round-off errors. Moreover, unbiased polynomial FIR solutions having strong engineering features become actually optimal by large averaging horizons typically used in timekeeping. Such solutions are found and investigated in detail theoretically and for real measurements. Based upon, it is stated that optimal (unbiased) FIR estimators are likely the best candidates to use in the modern filtering, prediction, and synchronisations algorithms intended for the estimation and steering of local clocks.