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Cancer is a major healthcare burden across the world and impacts
not only the people diagnosed with various cancers but also their
families, carers, and healthcare systems. With advances in the
diagnosis and treatment, more people are diagnosed early and
receive treatments for a disease where few treatments options were
previously available. As a result, the survival of patients with
cancer has steadily improved and, in most cases, patients who are
not cured may receive multiple lines of treatment, often with
financial consequences for the patients, insurers and healthcare
systems. Although many books exist that address economic
evaluation, Economic Evaluation of Cancer Drugs using Clinical
Trial and Real World Data is the first unified text that
specifically addresses the economic evaluation of cancer drugs. The
authors discuss how to perform cost-effectiveness analyses while
emphasising the strategic importance of designing
cost-effectiveness into cancer trials and building robust economic
evaluation models that have a higher chance of reimbursement if
truly cost-effective. They cover the use of real-world data using
cancer registries and discuss how such data can support or
complement clinical trials with limited follow up. Lessons learned
from failed reimbursement attempts, factors predictive of
successful reimbursement and the different payer requirements
across major countries including US, Australia, Canada, UK,
Germany, France and Italy are also discussed. The book includes
many detailed practical examples, case studies and
thought-provoking exercises for use in classroom and seminar
discussions. Iftekhar Khan is a medical statistician and health
economist and a lead statistician at Oxford Unviersity's Center for
Statistics in Medicine. Professor Khan is also a Senior Research
Fellow in Health Economics at University of Warwick and is a Senior
Statistical Assessor within the Licensing Division of the UK
Medicine and Health Regulation Agency. Ralph Crott is a former
professor in Pharmacoeconomics at the University of Montreal in
Quebec, Canada and former head of the EORTC Health Economics Unit
and former senior health economist at the Belgian HTA organization.
Zahid Bashir has over twelve years experience working in the
pharmaceutical industry in medical affairs and oncology drug
development where he is involved in the design and execution of
oncology clinical trials and development of reimbursement dossiers
for HTA submission.
Cancer is a major healthcare burden across the world and impacts
not only the people diagnosed with various cancers but also their
families, carers, and healthcare systems. With advances in the
diagnosis and treatment, more people are diagnosed early and
receive treatments for a disease where few treatments options were
previously available. As a result, the survival of patients with
cancer has steadily improved and, in most cases, patients who are
not cured may receive multiple lines of treatment, often with
financial consequences for the patients, insurers and healthcare
systems. Although many books exist that address economic
evaluation, Economic Evaluation of Cancer Drugs using Clinical
Trial and Real World Data is the first unified text that
specifically addresses the economic evaluation of cancer drugs. The
authors discuss how to perform cost-effectiveness analyses while
emphasising the strategic importance of designing
cost-effectiveness into cancer trials and building robust economic
evaluation models that have a higher chance of reimbursement if
truly cost-effective. They cover the use of real-world data using
cancer registries and discuss how such data can support or
complement clinical trials with limited follow up. Lessons learned
from failed reimbursement attempts, factors predictive of
successful reimbursement and the different payer requirements
across major countries including US, Australia, Canada, UK,
Germany, France and Italy are also discussed. The book includes
many detailed practical examples, case studies and
thought-provoking exercises for use in classroom and seminar
discussions. Iftekhar Khan is a medical statistician and health
economist and a lead statistician at Oxford Unviersity's Center for
Statistics in Medicine. Professor Khan is also a Senior Research
Fellow in Health Economics at University of Warwick and is a Senior
Statistical Assessor within the Licensing Division of the UK
Medicine and Health Regulation Agency. Ralph Crott is a former
professor in Pharmacoeconomics at the University of Montreal in
Quebec, Canada and former head of the EORTC Health Economics Unit
and former senior health economist at the Belgian HTA organization.
Zahid Bashir has over twelve years experience working in the
pharmaceutical industry in medical affairs and oncology drug
development where he is involved in the design and execution of
oncology clinical trials and development of reimbursement dossiers
for HTA submission.
Debt financing decision is the most important and crucial decision
in the study of capital structure and financial structure because
it leads to firm's performance. The current Study empirically
investigated a number of factors affecting debt financing decision
and firm's performance for the non-financial companies listed in
Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan for the period of 2005-2010. The
financial theories like Tradeoff theory (TOT) and Packing order
theory (POT) has also been tested in order to see the consistency
of factors affecting the debt financing behavior in the current
study with above said theories. A Panel data of 341 firms has been
used for empirical analysis of the current Study. The variation in
debt financing is measured by short-term, long term and total debt
while the variation in firm's performance is measured by
profitability and Return on Assets. The current study empirically
examined the effect of firm's specific factors by econometric
practice "one way-fixed effect regression model." The Current study
will help the reader for understanding how the different factors
affects debt financing and firm performance in non-financial sector
of Pakistan
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