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Recently discovered ancient silk and bamboo manuscripts have
transformed our understanding of classical Chinese thought. In this
book, Wang Zhongjiang closely examines these texts and, by parsing
the complex divergence between ancient and modern Chinese records,
reveals early Chinese philosophy to be much richer and more complex
than we ever imagined. As numerous and varied cosmologies sprang up
in this cradle of civilization, beliefs in the predictable
movements of nature merged with faith in gods and their divine
punishments. Slowly, powerful spirits and gods were stripped of
their potency as nature's constant order awakened people to the
possibility of universal laws, and those laws finally gave birth to
an ideally conceived community, objectively managed and rationally
ordered.
The main theme of this book is how newly excavated texts have
provided new energy and perspectives to allow us to renew our
understanding of ancient Chinese thought, especially that of
Confucianism. Through an analysis of texts from the Guodian,
Shanghai Museum, and other collections of excavated manuscripts,
this book undertakes a wide-ranging analysis of Confucian thought
in itself and also its influence on other trends of thought in
ancient China. It focuses on such topics as morality, virtue, and
self-cultivation, political philosophy, circumstance, and the
relationship between human beings, others, and the natural world.
It rethinks core Confucian concepts such as ren or "benevolence"
and shendu or "maintaining one's moral nature" as well as great
Confucian notions on circumstance and political philosophy. This
book also illustrates the influence that Confucian philosophy had
during the Warring States period showing that elements of its moral
philosophy informed the consciousness and behavior of state
officials in such places as the state of Qin. Excavated texts are
an inescapable part of Chinese philosophy, as such this book is
invaluable to anyone wishing to understand ancient Chinese
philosophy, Confucianism, and anyone interested in the interplay
between material and intellectual culture.
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