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In 1995 96 the President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Alieyev, launched a
program of agrarian reforms that caused a sweeping and irreversible
shift from Soviet-style collective agriculture to individual
farming in his country. These reforms led to an impressive recovery
and substantial productivity improvements in agriculture. The
agrarian transition in Azerbaijan contrasts with that in Russia,
Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, where land privatization has been
accompanied by policies encouraging the persistence of large
corporate farms and where agricultural recovery has been much less
impressive. For this reason Azerbaijan is today viewed as one of
the few examples of successful land reform in the former Soviet
Union. The impact of the Aliyev agrarian reforms went far beyond
the recovery of agricultural production. The new policies had a
significant impact on rural poverty and they were instrumental in
increasing the incomes of Azerbaijan's large rural population,
which relies on agriculture for a substantial part of the family
budget. To understand the successes and limitations of land reform,
Rural Transition in Azerbaijan evaluates the record of rural
reforms, focusing on policy change, farm level performance, and the
impact of reforms on rural incomes and rural family
well-being-issues that today are at the core of the agenda in many
international organizations.
Russia's Agriculture in Transition: Factor Markets and Constraints
on Growth examines the development of factor markets in Russian
agriculture during the transition to a market economy and analyzes
the impact of existing constraints on agricultural growth. It is
the outcome of a 3-year study conducted with the support of
BASIS/CRSP by an international team that included researchers from
Russia, the United States, and Israel. The study focused
specifically on the development of factor markets in Russian
agriculture-markets for labor, purchased inputs, land, and credit.
In the literature on transition agriculture, this book is the first
devoted explicitly to markets for farm inputs, instead of markets
for farm products. It is also unique in its integration of official
statistical data with the findings of a large questionnaire-based
survey designed to cover issues of agricultural land, labor, supply
and use of purchased inputs, access to credit, and-ultimately-farm
production with a view to efficiency estimations. Russia's
Agriculture in Transition will be of great interest to development
economists, agricultural economists, transition scholars, and
international donor organizations, in addition to scholars and
students of many other related disciplines.
The Iron Curtain lifted in 1989, and more than twenty nations
emerged from the isolation that had largely hidden them from the
rest of the world for more than four decades. In each of these
former Soviet States, remnants of tradition and economic
organization has prevented them from stepping out, beyond the
curtain and onto the world stage. Regardless, some have been
extremely successful. In Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies
and Evolving Farm Structures in Post Soviet Countries authors Zvi
Lerman, Csaba Csaki, and Gershon Feder study the land policies and
farming infastructures of these newly emerging nations as
components of institutional change in the rural sector - change
from a centralized rural economy to a market-oriented economy.
Their analysis of the policy, tradition, history, and social
structure of these developing states pushes the discussion of
economic transition beyond questions policy, planning, and
implementation.
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