The articles in this special issue cover the history of women in the economics profession, a largely male-dominated academic field. Contributors explore the many ways in which women have contributed to economics, particularly the careers that women have made (or not made) while confronting discouragement and discrimination. By placing the status and role of these women in historical contexts, the authors seek to enrich our understanding of economics in the twentieth century. Contributors: Rebecca Gomez Betancourt, Jennifer Burns, Cléo Chassonnery-Zaïgouche, Jennifer Cohen, Camila Orozco Espinel, Evelyn L. Forget, Andrés Guiot-Isaac, Erin Hengel, Daniel Hirschman, Marianne Johnson, Christina Laskaridis, Sarah Louisa Phythian-Adams, John D. Singleton, and Sarah F. Small

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Drawing together new research from emerging and senior scholars, this open-access volume presents an up-to-date discussion of these notions in the ancient world, both at the individual and community level. This open access edited volume offers insights into how ancient texts, ranging from the historical and biographical to the oratorical and epistolary, demonstrate the negotiation and renegotiation of otherness, identity and culture. Roman identity emerged as the result of multiple interactions with real and imagined Others. This volume analyses specific case studies and networks of inclusion and transformation that informed concepts of unity, otherness and cultural identity. In part one, contributors discuss Roman perceptions of communal identity, considering ethnic, geographical, religious, occupational and social factors that informed various ideas of belonging and exclusion. Part two goes further by examining ancient texts from the perspectives of non-Romans, in addition to famous Roman figures who deviated from traditional models of identity. The ebook editions of this book are available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.

The Immunological Synapse - Part B, Volume 178 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. This first volume covers various aspects on T cell and natural killer (NK) cell synapses, including imaging polarized granule release using TIRF microscopy, analysis of actin reorganization and centrosome polarization, redirected degranulation, live cell-imaging to quantify cytotoxic and chemotactic dynamics, quantification of interactions between APCs and T cells, assessment of membrane lipid state at the immunological synapse, proteomic analysis and imaging of NK-tumor cell interaction, evaluating natural killer cell effector functions against breast cancer cells derived from human tumor tissue, evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cell immunological synapse quality using the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer, and monitoring potency of therapeutic CAR T cells. It also includes one chapter on quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, and one chapter on the murine antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay.