When it appeared in 1923, John Lords Capital and Steam Power 17501800 was the first book to be based on the voluminous Boultori and Watt papers in Birmingham since the hey-day of Samuel Smiles.
Although Lords conclusions have been modified and corrected on various points, this book still remains the best short account of the significance of this classic engineering partnership which bulks so large in the history of technology and of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. "Mr. Lords Capital and Steam Power 17501800 is an important contribution to economic history His introductory sketch of economic conditions from 1700 to 1750 and his concluding summary of the main results of the developments which he has described, without having the same novelty as his central theme, are scholarly and intelligent."
R. H. Tawney, Economica, February, 1924
"His study of the application of steam to industry is a useful piece of research."
T. S. Ashton, The Economic Journal, December, 1924

Understanding the Victorians paints a vivid portrait of an era of dramatic change, combining broad survey with close analysis and introducing students to the critical debates on the nineteenth century taking place among historians today. The volume encompasses all of Great Britain and Ireland over the whole of the Victorian period and gives prominence to social and cultural topics alongside politics and economics and emphasises class, gender, and racial and imperial positioning as constitutive of human relations. This third edition is fully updated with new chapters on emotion and on Britain's relationship with Europe as well as added discussions of architecture, technology, and the visual arts. Attention to the current concerns and priorities of professional historians also enables readers to engage with today's historical debates. Starting with the Queen Caroline Affair in 1820 and coming up to the start of World War I in 1914, thematic chapters explore the topics of space, politics, Europe, the empire, the economy, consumption, class, leisure, gender, the monarchy, the law, arts and entertainment, sexuality, religion, and science. With a clear introduction outlining the key themes of the period, a detailed timeline, and suggestions for further reading and relevant internet resources, this is the ideal companion for all students of the nineteenth century. Discover more from Susie by exploring our forthcoming Routledge Historical resource on British Society, edited by Susie Steinbach and Martin Hewitt. Find out more about our Routledge Historical resources by visiting https://www.routledgehistoricalresources.com/

This volume considers the UK as a state that was both internally differentiated and placed a premium on its external relations and world power. It contains documents dealing with the implications of the multinational status of the UK. They relate to matters including discussions over the status of Ireland; and the constitutional position of the other nations of the UK. The volume also contains documents connected to the constitutional implications of the Empire, including the way in which it was managed, and how should be structured. It contains material relevant to the constitutional impact of the UK on the outside world.

Cultural Histories of Law, Media and Emotion: Public Justice explores how the legal history of long-eighteenth-century Britain has been transformed by the cultural turn, and especially the associated history of emotion. Seeking to reflect on the state of the field, 13 essays by leading and emerging scholars bring cutting-edge research to bear on the intersections between law, print culture and emotion in Britain across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Divided into three sections, this collection explores the 'public' as a site of legal sensibility; it demonstrates how the rhetoric of emotion constructed the law in legal practice and in society and culture; and it highlights how approaches from cultural and emotions history have recentred the individual, the biography and the group to explain long-running legal-historical problems. Across this volume, authors evidence how engagements between cultural and legal history have revitalised our understanding of law's role in eighteenth-century culture and society, not least deepening our understanding of justice as produced with and through the public. This volume is the ideal resource for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates and scholars interested in the history of emotions as well as the legal history of Britain from the late seventeenth to the nineteenth century.

Carl Peter Thunberg studied at Uppsala University in Sweden where he was a favourite student of the great Linnaeus, father of modern scientific classification. He determined to travel the world and enlisted as a physician with the Dutch East India Company. He arrived in Japan in the summer of 1775 and stayed one year, the maximum continuous term permitted for a European at the time. He travelled to Edo (modern Tokyo) where he became friends with the shogun's private physician, Katsuragawa Hosshu, a notorious rake. They maintained a correspondence even after the Swede had returned to his homeland. Thunberg's 'Travels' appeared in English in 1795 and was never reprinted. This edition makes available once again Thunberg's extraordinary writings on Japan, complete with illustrations. Fully annotated and introduced by Timon Screech.

First published in 1973. This book describes the career of Sir George Macartney, who spent twenty-eight years at the turn of the nineteenth century as British representative in Sinkiang, China's most westerly province. Macartney was in a unique position to observe political and diplomatic manoeuvres by the key players trying to establish a sphere of influence in China's strategically vital hinterland before and during the Chinese revolution.

This is a comprehensive new operational military history of the Ottoman army during the First World War. Drawing from archives, official military histories, personal war narratives and sizable Turkish secondary literature, it tells the incredible story of the Ottoman army's struggle from the mountains of the Caucasus to the deserts of Arabia and the bloody shores of Gallipoli. The Ottoman army, by opening new fronts, diverted and kept sizeable units of British, Russian and French forces away from the main theatres and even sent reinforcements to Austro-Hungary and Bulgaria. Against all odds the Ottoman army ultimately achieved some striking successes, not only on the battlefield, but in their total mobilization of the empire's meagre human and economic resources. However, even by the terrible standards of the First World War, these achievements came at a terrible price in casualties and, ultimately, loss of territory. Thus, instead of improving the integrity and security of the empire, the war effectively dismantled it and created situations and problems hitherto undreamed of by a besieged Ottoman leadership. In a unique account, Uyar revises our understanding of the war in the Middle East.

This book was first published in 1932. This study, which was completed under the direction of the Department of Economics of Cornell University, explores the depression in English agriculture following the Napoleonic Wars.

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

In 1801 the population of Great Britain was 10.6 million; by 1901 it was 37.1 million. The national product in 1801 has been valued at GBP138,000,000; by 1901 it was GBP1,948,000,000. The rise per head was from GBP12.9 to GBP52.5 and, as these figures represent constant prices, the rise in material standards is evident, even allowing for the unequal distribution of socially created wealth. This book is a short, crisp survey of the major economic and social developments in nineteenth-century Britain. It combines a brief narrative history with a lucid and exciting synthesis of all the important problems and academic controversies. The chapters discuss economic growth, population - its growth, impact and movement - urbanisation and the housing problem, industry, agriculture, transport, overseas trade and foreign investment, life and labour, education, finance, the role of government, and the social structure. The text is extensively subdivided for easy reference, and is illustrated with numberous tables and diagrams. There is a full critical bibliography at the end of each chapter and a chronological table of events at the end of the book.

South Wales was one of the main centres of the Industrial Revolution in Britain but the story of the rapid growth of an industrial society there has not yet been fully told, since much of the work done has consisted of articles rather than books.
This volume brings together a selection of important contributions hitherto only accessible in a large number of scattered periodicals. These articles have been selected to present a considered sequence and are preceded by an introduction which puts the story of the industrialization of Wales into perspective. They deal firstly with the problems of population and migration then with the basic industries of iron, coal, tinplate and copper. These are followed by essays on banking, and the volume concludes with contributions on trade unionism and building. This is by no means merely the story of regional development since the book has a wider appeal; a number of the articles are concerned with the links with America and with the place of Wales in the Atlantic economy. Amongst the authors are the late Sir Lewis Namier and some of the leading writers on the history of modern Wales including Brinley Thomas and A. H. Dodd.

Updated and expanded throughout to take into consideration the most up-to-date historical research, this new edition of The Origins of the Second World War analyzes the reasons for the outbreak of the Second World War. Experienced historian Ruth Henig considers: * the long-term factors that led to war * the effect of British appeasement policies * the significance of American isolation * the ambitions of Italy, Japan and Russia. The Origins of the Second World War brings one of the most controversial historical topics to life for a whole generation of students and scholars seeking to understand the reasoning and events behind this major event in world history.

The book looks at the ways in which the Northern Department of the Foreign Office approached matters pertaining to Finland in the years 1938-1940, concentrating on the particular issues of the proposed refortification of the land Islands, Finnish rearmament and aid to Finland during the Winter War with the Soviet Union. At the beginning of this period, the Northern Department officials aimed at giving support to Finland while, at the same time, attempting to create an environment where Finland and the Soviet Union could reach agreement, thus keeping Finland out of the German sphere of influence. Their belief that the security interests of the USSR must be considered when dealing with Finland changed after the Soviet invasion of Finland at the end of November 1939. From this point on, the ability of the Northern Department officials to influence policy towards Finland declined, as the Cabinet became more interested in the situation. Nevertheless, Laurence Collier, the head of the department and his associates, continued to recommend particular forms of action, and their ideas were frequently at odds with what was being decided by government. Their recommendations for military interv

First published in 1926.
'These documents are full of intimate interest' Times Literary Supplement
'A serious and intensely interesting piece of work' The Guardian
The Jesuit missionaries were some of the earliest Europeans to find their way into the Mogul empire in the sixteenth century. Spending more years at Akbar's court than others did months, and traversing his dominions from Lahore to Kabul, and from Kashmir to the Deccan, they undoubtedly sowed the seeds of British influence in the East.
Reproducing, or summarizing the most valuable of the missionaries' letters written prior to 1610, this volume makes available the illegible and scattered primary sources on the reign of the Emperor Akbar, and as such, forms the earliest European description of the Mogul Empire.

This is a study of social protest and repression in one of the twentieth century's most important revolutionary hotspots. It explains why Barcelona became the undisputed capital of the European anarchist movement and explores the sources of anarchist power in the city. It also places Barcelona at the center of Spain's economic, social, cultural and political life during 1898-1937.
During this period, a range of social groups, movements and institutions competed with one another the impose their own political and urban project on the city: the central authorities struggled to retain control of Spain's most unruly; nationalist groups hoped to create the capital of Catalonia; local industrialists attempted to erect a modern industrial city; the urban middle classes planned to democratize the city; and meanwhile, the anarchists sought to liberate the city's workers from oppression and exploration. This resulted in an myriad of frequently violent conflicts for control of the city, both before and during the civil war.
This is a work of seminal importance in the field of contemporary Spanish history, and fills a significant gap in current literature.

This volume explores constitutional reform, and in particular expansions in the franchise. It presents evidence covering the origins of these transitions and the subsequent development of demands for reform. It also deals with other changes such as the secret ballot. The volume examines accounts of the debates that took place about the merits of reform and the form it should take if enacted. It includes evidence of the party-political considerations and tactical motivations leading to reforms; and the way in which various individuals and groups received them once enacted. The volume also presents evidence of the limits of change and the persistence of certain traditional aspects of the constitution.

This volume covers the interaction of society – the people, groups and organisations that made it up – with the constitution. It includes documents generated by working class and middle-class reform campaigners; advocates of votes for women; and people of diverse outlooks on matters of religious faith. The volume presents accounts of efforts by the authorities to subdue or resist dissent. It contains documents produced by senior politicians depicting their engagement with the constitution. It also includes evidence pertaining to the rise of mass political parties and other organisations with a role in the operation of the constitution.

This volume covers the nature and operation of different organs of the constitution. It includes documents dealing with Parliament; the monarchy; the legal system; the Church; the Prime Minister and the Cabinet; the Civil Service; and local government. It presents accounts from insiders who were directly involved in working these institutions; and of the perceptions of outside observers. It identifies documents pertaining to key moments of change in the history of these entities, including alterations in the relations between them. It deals with matters including their legal basis, their internal structures, and the importance of precedent to the way in which they functioned in relation to one-another.

Hinduism flourished in the districts around Poona in Bombay to a far greater extent than in the rest of India, hence the problems facing the British administrators of Maharashtra were quite different from those confronting them in other parts of India. The solutions they proposed and the policies which emerged determined the social changes which took place in the Maharashtra in the nineteenth century. This book analyses these changes by focussing on the rise of new social groups and the dissemination of new values and shows how these social groups and values interacted with the traditional order in Maharashtra to create a stable regional society. Originally published in 1968.

This wide-ranging collection brings together multiple perspectives on a key period in Irish history, from the Fenian Rising in 1867 to the creation of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland in 1921, with a focus on the formation of Irish identity. The chapters, written by team of experts, focus on key individuals or ideological groups and consider how they perceived Ireland's future, what their sense of Irish identity was, and who they saw as the enemy. Providing a new angle on Ireland during the period from 1867 to 1921, this book will be important reading for all those with an interest in Irish history.

This book is a concise and accessible introduction to the problem of war crimes in modern history, emphasizing the development of laws aimed at regulating the conduct of armed conflict developed from the 19th Century to the present. Bringing together multiple strands of recent research in history, political science, and law the book starts with an overview of the attempts across the pre-modern world to regulate the initiation, conduct, and outcomes of war. It them moves on to present a survey of the legal revolution of the 19th Century when, amidst a global welter of colonial wars, the first body of formal codes and laws relating to distinguishing legal from criminal conduct in war was developed. Further chapters investigate failed but influential attempts to develop the laws of war in the post-World War I period, summarize the major landmarks in international law related to war crimes, such as the Hague conventions and the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials, as well as hundreds of lesser-known post-World War II trials in Europe and Asia. It also looks at the origins and debated significance of the Genocide Convention of 1948 and the 1949 Geneva Conventions accounts for the acceleration worldwide of war crimes investigations and trials from the 1970s into the 2000s and summarizes current thinking about international law and the rapidly changing nature of warfare worldwide as well as the memorialization of war crimes. Including images, documents, a bibliography highlighting the most recent scholarship, a chronology, who's who, and a glossary, this is the perfect introduction for those wishing to understand the complex field or war crimes history and its politics.

Contents:
List of figures
Acknowledgements
Glossary
1. INTRODUCTION
Travelling and representation, travelling as representation
Mobility and the Tôkaidô as Scholarly Subjects
Structure of the Book
2. INFRASTRUCTURE AND CARTOGRAPHY OF THE TOKAIDO IN MACRO
THE TOKAIDO AS A GEOPOLITICAL TERRITORY
INFRASTRUCTURE UPON THE TOKAIDO ROUTE
Inland Infrastructure in the Edo Period
The Tôkaidô as a Highway
The Introduction of the Railroad
THE TOKAIDO'S CARTOGRAPHY
Roadmaps in the Eido Period
Popular and Official Roadmaps
From Scriptual to Visual Cartography
Roadmaps in the Meiji Era
Railway Maps of the Maiji Era
Representational Character in Meiji Era's Road-Cartography
From Absolute Space to Abstract Space
3. TRAVELLING PRACTICES AND LITERARY TOKAIDO
ROAD COSMOLOGY - THE ROAD AS A MICROCOSM
TRAVELLING PRACTICES OF THE EDO PERIOD
Reasons for Travelling
Travellers-Positions
Meiji Era's Travelling
LITERARY TOKAIDO
Travel Literature in the Edo Period
Travel Literature in the Meiji Era
A Geographical Treatise: Nihon fûkeiron (Theory of the Japanese Landscape)
Literary Nostalgia
4. PERFORMANCE, VISUALITY AND IMAGINATION AT THE TOKAIDO'S MICRO-SCALE
TRANSPORTATION-STATIONS: SPACES OF PERFORMANCE, SPACES OF REPRESENTATION
Physical and Anthropological Characteristics of Post-Stations
Railway Stations as Border-sites: Between Performance and Spectacle
TOKAIDO AND VISUALITY
Pictorial Tôkaidô in the Edo Period
The Tôkaidô in the Official Arts of the Edo Period
The Tôkaidô in the Popular Arts of the Edo Period
Recurring Characteristics in Edo Period's Travel Representations
Pictorial Tôkaidô in the Meiji Era
Recording Reality through the Lens of Ukiyo-e
The Tôkaidô in Nihonga
The Tôkaidô through Western Eyes
The Tôkaidô Subject through a Prism of Modern Attitudes
Influences and Anachronisms: From the West to Japan, From Japan to the West
5. CONCLUSIONS AND OPENINGS: THE TOKAIDO AS MEDIUM OF NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND EPISTEMOLOGY
Japan as History/Japan as Nature
Technology as Expansion of Nature
Geography as National Ideology
Recasting History as Progress
HISTORY AS NOSTALGIA, HISTORY AS PLAY
Tôkaidô Renaissance
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NOTES

Contents:
Volume 1
1. The Earl of Mornington to General Craig, 16 September 1798.
A request for advice on how best to counter a possible invasion from Zaman Shah of Afghanistan.
2. General Craig to the Earl of Mornington, 6 October 1798.
An adumbration of a 'forward policy' in dealing with a threat from the Northwest.
3. Henry Dundas to Lord Grenville, 13 June 1798.
An assessment of the French threat to India.
4. John Malcolm to Lord Elgin, 22 March 1801.
An assessment of the possibility of a Russian invasion of India.
5. Count F. V. Rastopchin, Note concerning the political relations of Russia during the last months of the reign of Paul I, St Petersburg, 1800.
A view of the political relations of Russia during the reign of Tsar Paul I.
6. Tsar Paul I, Personal Supreme Rescripts by his Imperial Majesty Paul I, to the Ataman of the Don Cossack Troops Cavalry General Vasilii Petrovich Orlov, Relating to the Expedition to India, St Petersburg, 1801.
Orders for an invasion of India.
7. Mr. Harford Jones to Sir Hugh Inglis, 29 November 1802.
The British Minister in Baghdad warns of the possibility of a joint Franco-Russian invasion of India.
8. Napoleon, Instructions for General Gardane, 10 May 1807.
Orders to the Head of a French Mission to Persia.
9. The Secret Committee of the Court of Directors, East India Company, to Lord Minto, 27 September 1807.
An assessment of the combined Franco-Russian threat to India following the Treaty of Tilsit.
10. William Moorcroft. Excerpts from Diaries.
Reports of Russian agents in Ladakh, Kashgar and Bokhara, 1812-1824.
11. G. S. Vinskii, Project concerning the consolidation of Russian trade with Upper Asia
through Khiva and Bokhara, 1818.
A review of Russian Policy towards Central Asia.
12. Lord Ellenborough, Despatch to Lord Minto, 12 January 1830.
The Board of Control of the East India Company expresses concern to the Governor General about Russian designs in Central Asia.
13. Lord Heytesbury, Despatch to Lord Aberdeen, 18 January 1830.
H. M. Ambassador at St. Petersburg advises that he sees no prospect of Russia being able to march an army to India.
14. C. E. Trevelyan and Arthur Conolly, Despatch to Lord Bentinck, 15 March 1831. Advice on the likelihood of a Russian invasion of India.
15. Secret Committee, Despatch to Lord Auckland, 25 June 1836.
The Secret Committee of the East India Company's Board of Control prompts and authorizes the Governor-General to initiate the First Anglo-Afghan War.
16. Lord Auckland, Minute, 12 May 1838.
The Governor-General gives his reasons for the invasion of Afghanistan.
17. Richmond Shakespear, A personal narrative of a journey from Heraut to Ourenbourg on the Caspian, 1840.
An account of Shakespear's mission to Khiva.
18. Charles Metcalfe, Extracts from papers, 1830-33.
An argument against the 'forward policy' and observation of the vulnerability of the British position in India.
Volume 2.
Henry Pottinger, Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde.
Volume 3.
1. J. Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire.
2. J. Macdonald Kinneir, A Dissertation on the Invasion of India.
Volume 4.
Robert Wilson, A Sketch of the Military and Political Power of Russia in the year 1817.
Volume 5.
1. Nikolai N. Muraviev, Journey to Khiva through the Turkoman Country, 1819-20.
2. Baron von Meyendorf, A Journey from Orenburg to Bokhara in the Year 1820.
Volume 6.
George de Lacy Evans, On the Practicability of an Invasion of British India.
Volume 7.
John MacNeill, The Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East.
Volume 8.
General Perovski, A Narrative of the Russian Military Expedition to Khiva in 1839.

The essays in this book focus on the controversies concerning Britain's economic performance between the mid-nineteenth century and the First World War. The overriding theme is that Britain's own resources were consistently more productive, more resilient and more successful than is normally assumed. And if the economy's achievement was considerable, the influence on it of external factors (trade, international competition, policy) were much less significant than is normally supposed. The book is structured as follows: Part One: The Method of Historical Economics Part Two: Enterprise in Late Victorian Britain Part Three: Britain in the World Economy, 1846-1913.